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Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity
Open accessAbstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between bacteria and their environments, protection against hostile conditions including dehydration, the alleviation of the action of toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, and pancreatic enzymes, metal ions, antibiotics), and stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), and evasion of the immune response and phage attack. Bacterial EPSs are considered valuable by the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, owing to their health-promoting benefits and rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported the unusual antimicrobial activities of various EPS against a wide variety of pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, and fungi). This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of different EPSs, mainly against foodborne bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The mechanism of EPS action against these pathogens as well as the methods used to measure antimicrobial activities are critically reviewed.
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“Several LAB species, particularly those of the genus Lactobacillus, are capable of producing EPSs, and some of the EPSs identified to date by LAB have been shown to have biological functions, such as free radical scavenging, free cholesterol binding, gut microbiota modulation, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties [8,15,16].”
From Analysis of Chemical Structure and Antibiofilm Properties of Exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EIR/IF-1 Postbiotics (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Several LAB species, particularly those of the genus Lactobacillus, are capable of producing EPSs, and some of the EPSs identified to date by LAB have been shown to have biological functions”
From Analysis of Chemical Structure and Antibiofilm Properties of Exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EIR/IF-1 Postbiotics (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Abdalla, A. K., Ayyash, M. M., Olaimat, A. N., Osaili, T. M., Al-Nabulsi, A. A., Shah, N. P., & Holley, R.
- Affiliations
- South Valley University (EG)
- United Arab Emirates University (AE)
- Hashemite University (JO)
- Jordan University of Science and Technology (JO)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ayyash, Mutamed M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-05-19
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 664395-664395
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8170130
- OpenAlex
- W3162369158
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- United Arab Emirates University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- exopolysaccharides, antimicrobial activity, lactic acid bacteria, mechanism of action, foodborne pathogens, fungal pathogens, viral pathogens, stress tolerance, immune evasion, phage resistance, rheological properties, nutraceuticals
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