Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis induces cellular oxidative stress
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoids released from the adrenal gland in response to stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis induce activity in the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) system. The redox system is a ubiquitous chemical mechanism allowing the transfer of electrons between donor/acceptors and target molecules during oxidative phosphorylation while simultaneously maintaining the overall cellular environment in a reduced state. The objective of this review is to present an overview of the current literature discussing the link between HPA axis-derived glucocorticoids and increased oxidative stress, particularly focussing on the redox changes observed in the hippocampus following glucocorticoid exposure.
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Chronic prenatal stress produces affective abnormalities together with HPA axis hyperactivity and epigenetic disruptions, illustrating the interplay between inflammation, endocrine function, and chromatin regulation in stress vulnerability.
“Chronic prenatal stress produces affective abnormalities together with HPA axis hyperactivity and epigenetic disruptions, illustrating the interplay between inflammation, endocrine function, and chromatin regulation in stress vulnerability (Possamai-Della et al., 2023; Glover et al., 2009; Spiers et al., 2014).”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Spiers et al., 2014
The Introduction describes HPA-axis activation as part of the stress response, and the Adrenal glucocorticoids and oxidative stress section discusses how oxidative conditions can increase HPA-axis activity. Neither passage establishes that chronic prenatal stress produces affective abnormalities, HPA-axis hyperactivity, or epigenetic disruptions; the claimed interplay with inflammation and chromatin regulation is also unsupported by this copy. No page numbers are available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Spiers, J. G., Chen, H.-J. C., Sernia, C., & Lavidis, N. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Spiers, Jereme G.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2015-01-19
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 456-456
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4298223
- OpenAlex
- W1984410984
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids, oxidative stress, redox systems, hippocampus, stress, adrenal cortex, neuroendocrinology
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