Cited by 39Computational Drug Discovery MethodsScience, Research, and MedicineAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

Evolving toward a human-cell based and multiscale approach to drug discovery for CNS disorders

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Schadt, Eric E., Buchanan, Sean, Brennand, Kristen J., Merchant, Kalpana M.·2014·Frontiers in Pharmacology

Abstract

A disruptive approach to therapeutic discovery and development is required in order to significantly improve the success rate of drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review, we first assess the key factors contributing to the frequent clinical failures for novel drugs. Second, we discuss cancer translational research paradigms that addressed key issues in drug discovery and development and have resulted in delivering drugs with significantly improved outcomes for patients. Finally, we discuss two emerging technologies that could improve the success rate of CNS therapies: human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies and multiscale biology models. Coincident with advances in cellular technologies that enable the generation of hiPSCs directly from patient blood or skin cells, together with methods to differentiate these hiPSC lines into specific neural cell types relevant to neurological disease, it is also now possible to combine data from large-scale forward genetics and post-mortem global epigenetic and expression studies in order to generate novel predictive models. The application of systems biology approaches to account for the multiscale nature of different data types, from genetic to molecular and cellular to clinical, can lead to new insights into human diseases that are emergent properties of biological networks, not the result of changes to single genes. Such studies have demonstrated the heterogeneity in etiological pathways and the need for studies on model systems that are patient-derived and thereby recapitulate neurological disease pathways with higher fidelity. In the context of two common and presumably representative neurological diseases, the neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer's Disease, and the psychiatric disorder schizophrenia, we propose the need for, and exemplify the impact of, a multiscale biology approach that can integrate panomic, clinical, imaging, and literature data in order to construct predictive disease network models that can (i) elucidate subtypes of syndromic diseases, (ii) provide insights into disease networks and targets and (iii) facilitate a novel drug screening strategy using patient-derived hiPSCs to discover novel therapeutics for CNS disorders.

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  1. National Research Council (US) Committee on A Framework for Developing a New Taxonomy of Disease (2011). Toward Precision Medicine: Building a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research and a New Taxonomy of Disease. Washington, DC, National Academies Press. 22536618

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Authors
Schadt, E. E., Buchanan, S., Brennand, K. J., & Merchant, K. M.
Affiliations
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Schadt, Eric E.
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Published
2014-12-02
Volume
5
Pages
252-252
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2151532361
Cited by
39
References
183
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10
FWCI
0.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (MH101454, R01-MH101454)
  • National Institute on Aging (U01AG046170, AG046170)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH097276, R01MH097276, R01MH101454)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Science, Research, and Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
human induced pluripotent stem cells, patient-derived disease model, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, systems biology, drug screening, translational oncology, epigenetics, forward genetics, neural cell differentiation

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