Cited by 315Epigenetics and DNA MethylationVitamin D Research StudiesGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

Vitamin D and the epigenome

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Fetahu, Irfete S., Höbaus, Julia, Kállay, EnikÅ‘·2014·Frontiers in Physiology

Abstract

Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. The main mechanisms involve methylation of DNA and covalent modifications of histones by methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination. The complex interplay of different epigenetic mechanisms is mediated by enzymes acting in the nucleus. Modifications in DNA methylation are performed mainly by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, while a plethora of enzymes, such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and histone demethylases (HDMs) regulate covalent histone modifications. In many diseases, such as cancer, the epigenetic regulatory system is often disturbed. Vitamin D interacts with the epigenome on multiple levels. Firstly, critical genes in the vitamin D signaling system, such as those coding for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzymes 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) have large CpG islands in their promoter regions and therefore can be silenced by DNA methylation. Secondly, VDR protein physically interacts with coactivator and corepressor proteins, which in turn are in contact with chromatin modifiers, such as HATs, HDACs, HMTs, and with chromatin remodelers. Thirdly, a number of genes encoding for chromatin modifiers and remodelers, such as HDMs of the Jumonji C (JmjC)-domain containing proteins and lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) families are primary targets of VDR and its ligands. Finally, there is evidence that certain VDR ligands have DNA demethylating effects. In this review we will discuss regulation of the vitamin D system by epigenetic modifications and how vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of the epigenome, and evaluate its impact in health and disease.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fphys.2014.00164

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  • Vitamin D, through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), can modulate the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes, including DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and can influence DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and microRNA expression.

    “Regarding epigenetic mechanisms, vitamin D, through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), can modulate the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes, including DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs).”

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Authors
Fetahu, I. S., Höbaus, J., & Kállay, E.
Affiliations
Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna (AT)
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Published
2014-04-29
Volume
5
Pages
164-164
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1992677786
Cited by
313
References
167
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 5
FWCI
2.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • European Commission (264663)
  • Austrian Science Fund (P 22200)
  • FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords
vitamin D, epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CpG islands, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, lysine-specific demethylase, chromatin remodeling, gene expression regulation, cancer

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