CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 24Birth, Development, and HealthVitamin D Research StudiesGestational Diabetes Research and Management

The Role of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency in Offspring Obesity: A Narrative Review

Open access
Wu, Yifan, Zeng, Yuan, Zhang, Qian, Xiao, Xinhua·2023·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu15030533PMC PMC9919568
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Currently, vitamin D (VD) deficiency during pregnancy is widespread globally, causing unfavorable pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and infants for a longer time than expected, based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory. As VD plays a key role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid metabolism, maternal VD deficiency may lead to obesity and other obesity-related diseases among offspring later in life. This review mainly focuses on the effect of maternal VD deficiency on offspring lipid metabolism, reviewing previous clinical and animal studies to determine the effects of maternal VD deficit on offspring obesity and potential mechanisms involved in the progression of offspring obesity. Emerging clinical evidence shows that a low VD level may lead to abnormal growth (either growth restriction or largeness for gestational age) and lipid and glucose metabolism disorders in offspring. Here, we also outline the link between maternal VD deficiency and life-long offspring effects, including the disorder of adipogenesis, the secretion of adipocytokines (including leptin, resistin, and adiponectin), activated systemic inflammation, increased oxidative reactions in adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and abnormal intestinal gut microbiota. Thus, there is an urgent need to take active steps to address maternal VD deficiency to relieve the global burden of obesity.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/nu15030533

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Lower prenatal vitamin D levels have been associated with differences in offspring fat mass, with some evidence suggesting lower fat mass at birth but increased adiposity by 6 years of age, independent of maternal obesity.

    “Additionally, lower prenatal vitamin D levels have been associated with differences in offspring fat mass, with some evidence suggesting lower fat mass at birth but increased adiposity by 6 years of age, independent of maternal obesity [140,145].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [140]

    Section 2.4 reports that maternal vitamin D deficiency has an obesity-independent association with offspring obesity and cites greater offspring fat mass at ages four and six. It does not report lower fat mass at birth; instead, it reports higher abdominal subcutaneous fat volume within two weeks of delivery. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes not only at birth but also for long-term health of both mothers and their children.

    “It is now widely recognized that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes not only at birth but also for long-term health of both mothers and their children.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [140]

    Sections 2.3 and 2.5 link vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy to adverse birth outcomes and to health effects in offspring later in life. Section 2.7.2 discusses maternal metabolic syndrome, but its direct evidence that maternal vitamin D deficiency affects both mothers and offspring comes from a rat model. The review therefore does not clearly establish the claimed long-term health link for mothers as well as children. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Low vitamin D levels in pregnant women, especially those who are obese, have been associated with disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism, which may contribute to higher risks of diabetes and obesity later in life for their offspring.

    “Low vitamin D levels in pregnant women, especially those who are obese, have been associated with disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism, which may contribute to higher risks of diabetes and obesity later in life for their offspring.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [140]

  • Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of gestational diabetes, and long-term metabolic consequences for offspring, including obesity and insulin resistance.

    “Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of gestational diabetes, and long-term metabolic consequences for offspring, including obesity and insulin resistance.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [140]

  • Preclinical studies have shown that inadequate maternal vitamin D can lead to insulin resistance and metabolic alterations in the offspring, potentially through inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms.

    “Preclinical studies have shown that inadequate maternal vitamin D can lead to insulin resistance and metabolic alterations in the offspring, potentially through inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms [140,150].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [140]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 165

  1. [2]Bapat S.P. Whitty C. Mowery C.T. Liang Y. Yoo A. Jiang Z. Peters M.C. Zhang L.J. Vogel I. Zhou C. Obesity alters pathology and treatment response in inflammatory disease Nature 2022 604 337 342 10.1038/s41586-022-04536-0 35355021 PMC9165753 · DOI
  2. [3]Kivimaki M. Strandberg T. Pentti J. Nyberg S.T. Frank P. Jokela M. Ervasti J. Suominen S.B. Vahtera J. Sipila P.N. Body-mass index and risk of obesity-related complex multimorbidity: An observational multicohort study Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 10 253 263 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00033-X 35248171 PMC8938400 · DOI
  3. [4]Bluher M. Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2019 15 288 298 10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8 30814686 · DOI · Paper page
  4. [5]Lin X. Li H. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Front. Endocrinol. 2021 12 706978 10.3389/fendo.2021.706978 PMC8450866 34552557 · DOI
  5. [7]Morigny P. Boucher J. Arner P. Langin D. Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: Pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2021 17 276 295 10.1038/s41574-021-00471-8 33627836 · DOI
  6. [8]Reilly S.M. Saltiel A.R. Adapting to obesity with adipose tissue inflammation Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2017 13 633 643 10.1038/nrendo.2017.90 28799554 · DOI · Paper page
  7. [9]Gluckman P.D. Buklijas T. Hanson M.A. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Concept The Epigenome and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Rosenfeld C.S. Academic Press Boston, MA, USA 2016 1 15
  8. [10]Hales C.N. Barker D.J. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis Diabetologia 1992 35 595 601 10.1007/BF00400248 1644236 · DOI
  9. [11]Hales C.N. Barker D.J. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis Br. Med. Bull. 2001 60 5 20 10.1093/bmb/60.1.5 11809615 · DOI
  10. [12]Goyal D. Limesand S.W. Goyal R. Epigenetic responses and the developmental origins of health and disease J. Endocrinol. 2019 242 T105 T119 10.1530/JOE-19-0009 31091503 · DOI
  11. [13]Antoun E. Kitaba N.T. Titcombe P. Dalrymple K.V. Garratt E.S. Barton S.J. Murray R. Seed P.T. Holbrook J.D. Kobor M.S. Maternal dysglycaemia, changes in the infant’s epigenome modified with a diet and physical activity intervention in pregnancy: Secondary analysis of a randomised control trial PLoS Med. 2020 17 e1003229 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003229 33151971 PMC7643947 · DOI
  12. [14]Laker R.C. Lillard T.S. Okutsu M. Zhang M. Hoehn K.L. Connelly J.J. Yan Z. Exercise prevents maternal high-fat diet-induced hypermethylation of the Pgc-1alpha gene and age-dependent metabolic dysfunction in the offspring Diabetes 2014 63 1605 1611 10.2337/db13-1614 24430439 PMC5860829 · DOI
  13. [15]Ding L. Xiao X.H. Gut microbiota: Closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Chin. Med. J. 2020 133 817 825 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000702 32106122 PMC7147650 · DOI
  14. [16]Balasubramanian P. Varde P.A. Abdallah S.L. Najjar S.M. MohanKumar P.S. MohanKumar S.M. Differential effects of prenatal stress on metabolic programming in diet-induced obese and dietary-resistant rats Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2015 309 E582 E588 10.1152/ajpendo.00167.2015 26219866 PMC4572454 · DOI
  15. [17]Rogers J.M. Smoking and pregnancy: Epigenetics and developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome Birth Defects Res. 2019 111 1259 1269 10.1002/bdr2.1550 31313499 PMC6964018 · DOI
  16. [18]Christakos S. Dhawan P. Verstuyf A. Verlinden L. Carmeliet G. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects Physiol. Rev. 2016 96 365 408 10.1152/physrev.00014.2015 26681795 PMC4839493 · DOI
  17. [19]Krela-Kazmierczak I. Szymczak A. Lykowska-Szuber L. Eder P. Stawczyk-Eder K. Klimczak K. Linke K. Horst-Sikorska W. The importance of vitamin D in the pathology of bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases Arch. Med. Sci. 2015 11 1028 1032 10.5114/aoms.2015.54858 26528347 PMC4624748 · DOI
  18. [20]Ogeyingbo O.D. Ahmed R. Gyawali M. Venkatesan N. Bhandari R. Botleroo R.A. Kareem R. Elshaikh A.O. The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Asthma Exacerbation Cureus 2021 13 e17279 10.7759/cureus.17279 34462708 PMC8389855 · DOI
  19. [21]Jeon S.M. Shin E.A. Exploring vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer Exp. Mol. Med. 2018 50 20 10.1038/s12276-018-0038-9 29657326 PMC5938036 · DOI
  20. [22]Sacerdote A. Dave P. Lokshin V. Bahtiyar G. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, and Vitamin D Curr. Diab. Rep. 2019 19 101 10.1007/s11892-019-1201-y 31506836 · DOI
  21. [23]Latic N. Erben R.G. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020 21 6483 10.3390/ijms21186483 32899880 PMC7555466 · DOI
  22. [25]Bartley J. Vitamin D: Emerging roles in infection and immunity Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2010 8 1359 1369 10.1586/eri.10.102 21133662 · DOI
  23. [26]Harrison S.R. Li D. Jeffery L.E. Raza K. Hewison M. Vitamin D, Autoimmune Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis Calcif. Tissue Int. 2020 106 58 75 10.1007/s00223-019-00577-2 31286174 PMC6960236 · DOI
  24. [27]Golzarand M. Hollis B.W. Mirmiran P. Wagner C.L. Shab-Bidar S. Vitamin D supplementation and body fat mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2018 72 1345 1357 10.1038/s41430-018-0132-z 29563638 · DOI
  25. [28]Wimalawansa S.J. Vitamin D Deficiency: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Aging Biology 2019 8 30 10.3390/biology8020030 31083546 PMC6627346 · DOI
  26. [29]Kroll M.H. Bi C. Garber C.C. Kaufman H.W. Liu D. Caston-Balderrama A. Zhang K. Clarke N. Xie M. Reitz R.E. Temporal relationship between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in the United States PLoS ONE 2015 10 e0118108 10.1371/journal.pone.0118108 25738588 PMC4349787 · DOI
  27. [32]Houghton L.A. Vieth R. The case against ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006 84 694 697 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.694 17023693 · DOI
  28. [33]Tripkovic L. Wilson L.R. Hart K. Johnsen S. de Lusignan S. Smith C.P. Bucca G. Penson S. Chope G. Elliott R. Daily supplementation with 15 mug vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3 to increase wintertime 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in healthy South Asian and white European women: A 12-wk randomized, placebo-controlled food-fortification trial Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017 106 481 490 10.3945/ajcn.116.138693 28679555 · DOI
  29. [34]Zehnder D. Bland R. Williams M.C. McNinch R.W. Howie A.J. Stewart P.M. Hewison M. Extrarenal expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3)-1 alpha-hydroxylase J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001 86 888 894 10.1210/jcem.86.2.7220 11158062 · DOI
  30. [35]Bennour I. Haroun N. Sicard F. Mounien L. Landrier J.F. Recent insights into vitamin D, adipocyte, and adipose tissue biology Obes. Rev. 2022 23 e13453 10.1111/obr.13453 35365943 · DOI
  31. [36]Luijten I.H.N. Feldmann H.M. von Essen G. Cannon B. Nedergaard J. In the absence of UCP1-mediated diet-induced thermogenesis, obesity is augmented even in the obesity-resistant 129S mouse strain Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2019 316 E729 E740 10.1152/ajpendo.00020.2019 30807213 PMC6580168 · DOI
  32. [37]Narvaez C.J. Matthews D. Broun E. Chan M. Welsh J. Lean phenotype and resistance to diet-induced obesity in vitamin D receptor knockout mice correlates with induction of uncoupling protein-1 in white adipose tissue Endocrinology 2009 150 651 661 10.1210/en.2008-1118 18845643 PMC2646525 · DOI
  33. [38]Ribeiro V.R. Romao-Veiga M. Nunes P.R. de Oliveira L.R.C. Romagnoli G.G. Peracoli J.C. Peracoli M.T.S. Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on the STATs and transcription factors of CD4(+) T cell subsets in pregnant women with preeclampsia Clin. Immunol. 2022 234 108917 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108917 34973430 · DOI
  34. [39]Huang D. Guo Y. Li X. Pan M. Liu J. Zhang W. Mai K. Vitamin D3/VDR inhibits inflammation through NF-kappaB pathway accompanied by resisting apoptosis and inducing autophagy in abalone Haliotis discus hannai Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2021 10.1007/s10565-021-09647-4 34637036 · DOI
  35. [40]Dimitrov V. Barbier C. Ismailova A. Wang Y. Dmowski K. Salehi-Tabar R. Memari B. Groulx-Boivin E. White J.H. Vitamin D-regulated Gene Expression Profiles: Species-specificity and Cell-specific Effects on Metabolism and Immunity Endocrinology 2021 162 bqaa218 10.1210/endocr/bqaa218 33249469 PMC7751191 · DOI
  36. [41]Bennour I. Haroun N. Sicard F. Mounien L. Landrier J.F. Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity-A Brief Overview of Recent Studies Nutrients 2022 14 2049 10.3390/nu14102049 35631190 PMC9143180 · DOI
  37. [42]Wen J. Hong Q. Wang X. Zhu L. Wu T. Xu P. Fu Z. You L. Wang X. Ji C. The effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on body fat and adipogenesis in rat offspring Sci. Rep. 2018 8 365 10.1038/s41598-017-18770-4 29321608 PMC5762667 · DOI
  38. [43]Xue J. Gharaibeh R.Z. Pietryk E.W. Brouwer C. Tarantino L.M. Valdar W. Ideraabdullah F.Y. Impact of vitamin D depletion during development on mouse sperm DNA methylation Epigenetics 2018 13 959 974 10.1080/15592294.2018.1526027 30239288 PMC6284778 · DOI
  39. [44]Jiao X. Wang L. Wei Z. Liu B. Liu X. Yu X. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the function of Th1/Th2 cells and methylation of IFN-gamma gene in offspring rats Immunol. Lett. 2019 212 98 105 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.012 31260744 · DOI
  40. [45]Yang K. Zhu J. Wu J. Zhong Y. Shen X. Petrov B. Cai W. Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Intestinal Permeability and Programs Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway in BALB/C Mice JPEN J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. 2021 45 102 114 10.1002/jpen.1820 32270535 · DOI
  41. [46]Karkeni E. Bonnet L. Marcotorchino J. Tourniaire F. Astier J. Ye J. Landrier J.F. Vitamin D limits inflammation-linked microRNA expression in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo: A new mechanism for the regulation of inflammation by vitamin D Epigenetics 2018 13 156 162 10.1080/15592294.2016.1276681 28055298 PMC5873365 · DOI · Paper page
  42. [47]Carlberg C. Molecular endocrinology of vitamin D on the epigenome level Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2017 453 14 21 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.016 28315703 · DOI
  43. [49]Ricca C. Aillon A. Bergandi L. Alotto D. Castagnoli C. Silvagno F. Vitamin D Receptor Is Necessary for Mitochondrial Function and Cell Health Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018 19 1672 10.3390/ijms19061672 29874855 PMC6032156 · DOI
  44. [50]Latham C.M. Brightwell C.R. Keeble A.R. Munson B.D. Thomas N.T. Zagzoog A.M. Fry C.S. Fry J.L. Vitamin D Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Mitochondrial Health Front. Physiol. 2021 12 660498 10.3389/fphys.2021.660498 33935807 PMC8079814 · DOI
  45. [51]Silvagno F. De Vivo E. Attanasio A. Gallo V. Mazzucco G. Pescarmona G. Mitochondrial localization of vitamin D receptor in human platelets and differentiated megakaryocytes PLoS ONE 2010 5 e8670 10.1371/journal.pone.0008670 20107497 PMC2809087 · DOI
  46. [52]Salles J. Chanet A. Guillet C. Vaes A.M. Brouwer-Brolsma E.M. Rocher C. Giraudet C. Patrac V. Meugnier E. Montaurier C. Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: Role in sarcopenia Commun. Biol. 2022 5 1288 10.1038/s42003-022-04246-3 36434267 PMC9700804 · DOI · Paper page
  47. [53]Silvagno F. Pescarmona G. Spotlight on vitamin D receptor, lipid metabolism and mitochondria: Some preliminary emerging issues Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2017 450 24 31 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.013 28414049 · DOI
  48. [54]Ponsonby A.L. Lucas R.M. Lewis S. Halliday J. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and aspects of offspring health Nutrients 2010 2 389 407 10.3390/nu2030389 22254029 PMC3257641 · DOI
  49. [55]Amrein K. Scherkl M. Hoffmann M. Neuwersch-Sommeregger S. Kostenberger M. Tmava Berisha A. Martucci G. Pilz S. Malle O. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: An update on the current status worldwide Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020 74 1498 1513 10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y 31959942 PMC7091696 · DOI
  50. [56]Holick M.F. Binkley N.C. Bischoff-Ferrari H.A. Gordon C.M. Hanley D.A. Heaney R.P. Murad M.H. Weaver C.M. Endocrine S. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2011 96 1911 1930 10.1210/jc.2011-0385 21646368 · DOI
  51. [57]van der Pligt P. Willcox J. Szymlek-Gay E.A. Murray E. Worsley A. Daly R.M. Associations of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency with Pregnancy and Neonatal Complications in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review Nutrients 2018 10 640 10.3390/nu10050640 29783717 PMC5986519 · DOI
  52. [58]Prentice A. Vitamin D deficiency: A global perspective Nutr. Rev. 2008 66 S153 S164 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00100.x 18844843 · DOI
  53. [59]Yun C. Chen J. He Y. Mao D. Wang R. Zhang Y. Yang C. Piao J. Yang X. Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women Public Health Nutr. 2017 20 1746 1754 10.1017/S1368980015002980 26585546 PMC10261554 · DOI
  54. [60]Wong R.S. Tung K.T.S. Mak R.T.W. Leung W.C. Yam J.C. Chua G.T. Fung G.P.G. Ho M.H.K. Wong I.C.K. Ip P. Vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and in cord blood: A systematic review and meta-analysis Nutr. Rev. 2022 80 2225 2236 10.1093/nutrit/nuac023 35442446 · DOI
  55. [61]Lu M. Hollis B.W. Carey V.J. Laranjo N. Singh R.J. Weiss S.T. Litonjua A.A. Determinants and Measurement of Neonatal Vitamin D: Overestimation of 25(OH)D in Cord Blood Using CLIA Assay Technology J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020 105 e1085 e1092 10.1210/clinem/dgz299 31872219 PMC7065842 · DOI
  56. [62]Karras S.N. Koufakis T. Antonopoulou V. Goulis D.G. Annweiler C. Pilz S. Bili H. Naughton D.P. Shah I. Harizopoulou V. Characterizing neonatal vitamin D deficiency in the modern era: A maternal-neonatal birth cohort from Southern Europe J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2020 198 105555 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105555 31783152 · DOI
  57. [63]Wang C. Gao J. Liu N. Yu S. Qiu L. Wang D. Maternal factors associated with neonatal vitamin D deficiency J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2019 32 167 172 10.1515/jpem-2018-0422 30730843 · DOI
  58. [64]Weinert L.S. Silveiro S.P. Maternal-fetal impact of vitamin D deficiency: A critical review Matern. Child Health J. 2015 19 94 101 10.1007/s10995-014-1499-7 24748216 · DOI
  59. [65]Aghajafari F. Nagulesapillai T. Ronksley P.E. Tough S.C. O’Beirne M. Rabi D.M. Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies BMJ 2013 346 f1169 10.1136/bmj.f1169 23533188 · DOI · Paper page
  60. [66]Urrutia-Pereira M. Solé D. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and its impact on the fetus, the newborn and in childhood Rev. Paul. Pediatr. 2015 33 104 113 10.1016/S2359-3482(15)30036-1 25662013 PMC4436962 · DOI
  61. [67]Tous M. Villalobos M. Iglesias L. Fernández-Barrés S. Arija V. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020 74 36 53 10.1038/s41430-018-0373-x 30683894 · DOI
  62. [68]O’Loan J. Eyles D.W. Kesby J. Ko P. McGrath J.J. Burne T.H. Vitamin D deficiency during various stages of pregnancy in the rat; its impact on development and behaviour in adult offspring Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007 32 227 234 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.12.006 17276604 · DOI
  63. [69]Leffelaar E.R. Vrijkotte T.G. van Eijsden M. Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to fetal and neonatal growth: Results of the multi-ethnic Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort Br. J. Nutr. 2010 104 108 117 10.1017/S000711451000022X 20193097 · DOI
  64. [70]Gale C.R. Robinson S.M. Harvey N.C. Javaid M.K. Jiang B. Martyn C.N. Godfrey K.M. Cooper C. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and child outcomes Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008 62 68 77 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602680 17311057 PMC2629513 · DOI · Paper page
  65. [71]Wagner C.L. Hollis B.W. The Implications of Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy on Mother and her Developing Child Front. Endocrinol. 2018 9 500 10.3389/fendo.2018.00500 PMC6127214 30233496 · DOI
  66. [72]Pludowski P. Holick M.F. Pilz S. Wagner C.L. Hollis B.W. Grant W.B. Shoenfeld Y. Lerchbaum E. Llewellyn D.J. Kienreich K. Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence Autoimmun. Rev. 2013 12 976 989 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004 23542507 · DOI · Paper page
  67. [73]Hollis B.W. Wagner C.L. Howard C.R. Ebeling M. Shary J.R. Smith P.G. Taylor S.N. Morella K. Lawrence R.A. Hulsey T.C. Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation during Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pediatrics 2015 136 625 634 10.1542/peds.2015-1669 26416936 PMC4586731 · DOI
  68. [74]Heaney R.P. Guidelines for optimizing design and analysis of clinical studies of nutrient effects Nutr. Rev. 2014 72 48 54 10.1111/nure.12090 24330136 · DOI
  69. [75]Rostami M. Tehrani F.R. Simbar M. Bidhendi Yarandi R. Minooee S. Hollis B.W. Hosseinpanah F. Effectiveness of Prenatal Vitamin D Deficiency Screening and Treatment Program: A Stratified Randomized Field Trial J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2018 103 2936 2948 10.1210/jc.2018-00109 29788364 · DOI
  70. [76]Vieth R. Holick M.F. Chapter 57B—The IOM—Endocrine Society Controversy on Recommended Vitamin D Targets: In Support of the Endocrine Society Position Vitamin D 4th ed. Feldman D. Academic Press Cambridge, MA, USA 2018 1091 1107
  71. [78]ACOG Committee Opinion Vitamin D: Screening and supplementation during pregnancy Obstet. Gynecol. 2011 118 197 198 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318227f06b 21691184 · DOI
  72. [80]McDonnell S.L. Baggerly K.A. Baggerly C.A. Aliano J.L. French C.B. Baggerly L.L. Ebeling M.D. Rittenberg C.S. Goodier C.G. Mateus Niño J.F. Maternal 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 40 ng/mL associated with 60% lower preterm birth risk among general obstetrical patients at an urban medical center PLoS ONE 2017 12 e0180483 10.1371/journal.pone.0180483 28738090 PMC5524288 · DOI
  73. [81]Merewood A. Mehta S.D. Chen T.C. Bauchner H. Holick M.F. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009 94 940 945 10.1210/jc.2008-1217 19106272 PMC2681281 · DOI
  74. [82]Hollis B.W. Wagner C.L. Vitamin D requirements and supplementation during pregnancy Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 2011 18 371 375 10.1097/MED.0b013e32834b0040 21857221 PMC7905986 · DOI
  75. [83]Hollis B.W. Johnson D. Hulsey T.C. Ebeling M. Wagner C.L. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: Double-blind, randomized clinical trial of safety and effectiveness J. Bone Miner. Res. 2011 26 2341 2357 10.1002/jbmr.463 21706518 PMC3183324 · DOI
  76. [84]Karras S.N. Wagner C.L. Castracane V.D. Understanding vitamin D metabolism in pregnancy: From physiology to pathophysiology and clinical outcomes Metabolism 2018 86 112 123 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.001 29066285 · DOI
  77. [85]Catalano P.M. Shankar K. Obesity and pregnancy: Mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child BMJ 2017 356 j1 10.1136/bmj.j1 28179267 PMC6888512 · DOI · Paper page
  78. [86]Gaillard R. Durmus B. Hofman A. Mackenbach J.P. Steegers E.A. Jaddoe V.W. Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy Obesity 2013 21 1046 1055 10.1002/oby.20088 23784909 · DOI
  79. [87]Alhomaid R.M. Mulhern M.S. Strain J. Laird E. Healy M. Parker M.J. McCann M.T. Maternal obesity and baseline vitamin D insufficiency alter the response to vitamin D supplementation: A double-blind, randomized trial in pregnant women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2021 114 1208 1218 10.1093/ajcn/nqab112 33964855 PMC8408850 · DOI
  80. [88]Francis E.C. Hinkle S.N. Song Y. Rawal S. Donnelly S.R. Zhu Y. Chen L. Zhang C. Longitudinal Maternal Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy Is Associated with Neonatal Anthropometric Measures Nutrients 2018 10 1631 10.3390/nu10111631 30400155 PMC6265933 · DOI
  81. [89]Tint M.T. Chong M.F. Aris I.M. Godfrey K.M. Quah P.L. Kapur J. Saw S.M. Gluckman P.D. Rajadurai V.S. Yap F. Association between maternal mid-gestation vitamin D status and neonatal abdominal adiposity Int. J. Obes. 2018 42 1296 1305 10.1038/s41366-018-0032-2 29523876 PMC6005346 · DOI
  82. [90]Daraki V. Roumeliotaki T. Chalkiadaki G. Katrinaki M. Karachaliou M. Leventakou V. Vafeiadi M. Sarri K. Vassilaki M. Papavasiliou S. Low maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy increases the risk of childhood obesity Pediatr. Obes. 2018 13 467 475 10.1111/ijpo.12267 29377526 · DOI · Paper page
  83. [91]Miliku K. Felix J.F. Voortman T. Tiemeier H. Eyles D.W. Burne T.H. McGrath J.J. Jaddoe V.W.V. Associations of maternal and fetal vitamin D status with childhood body composition and cardiovascular risk factors Matern. Child Nutr. 2019 15 e12672 10.1111/mcn.12672 30238610 PMC7199056 · DOI
  84. [92]Crozier S.R. Harvey N.C. Inskip H.M. Godfrey K.M. Cooper C. Robinson S.M. Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy is associated with adiposity in the offspring: Findings from the Southampton Women’s Survey Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2012 96 57 63 10.3945/ajcn.112.037473 22623747 PMC4632192 · DOI · Paper page
  85. [93]Morales E. Rodriguez A. Valvi D. Iñiguez C. Esplugues A. Vioque J. Marina L.S. Jiménez A. Espada M. Dehli C.R. Deficit of vitamin D in pregnancy and growth and overweight in the offspring Int. J. Obes. 2015 39 61 68 10.1038/ijo.2014.165 25189178 · DOI · Paper page
  86. [94]Jiang X. Lu J. Zhang Y. Teng H. Pei J. Zhang C. Guo B. Yin J. Association between maternal vitamin D status with pregnancy outcomes and offspring growth in a population of Wuxi, China Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2021 30 464 476 10.6133/apjcn.202109_30(3).0013 34587706 · DOI
  87. [95]Zhang H. Chu X. Huang Y. Li G. Wang Y. Li Y. Sun C. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy results in insulin resistance in rat offspring, which is associated with inflammation and Iκbα methylation Diabetologia 2014 57 2165 2172 10.1007/s00125-014-3316-7 24985146 · DOI · Paper page
  88. [96]Shin J.S. Choi M.Y. Longtine M.S. Nelson D.M. Vitamin D effects on pregnancy and the placenta Placenta 2010 31 1027 1034 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.08.015 20863562 PMC2993775 · DOI
  89. [97]Zhuang W. Lv J. Liang Q. Chen W. Zhang S. Sun X. Adverse effects of gestational diabetes-related risk factors on pregnancy outcomes and intervention measures Exp. Ther. Med. 2020 20 3361 3367 10.3892/etm.2020.9050 32855709 PMC7444321 · DOI
  90. [98]Wang H.Y. She G.T. Sun L.Z. Lu H. Wang Y.P. Miao J. Liu K.Z. Sun C.F. Ju H.H. Correlation of serum vitamin D, adipose tissue vitamin D receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in women with gestational diabetes mellitus Chin. Med. J. 2019 132 2612 2620 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000480 31651513 PMC6846247 · DOI · Paper page
  91. [99]Sadeghian M. Asadi M. Rahmani S. Akhavan Zanjani M. Sadeghi O. Hosseini S.A. Zare Javid A. Circulating vitamin D and the risk of gestational diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis Endocrine 2020 70 36 47 10.1007/s12020-020-02360-y 32710437 · DOI
  92. [101]Zhang Y. Gong Y. Xue H. Xiong J. Cheng G. Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review based on data free of Hawthorne effect BJOG 2018 125 784 793 10.1111/1471-0528.15060 29244241 · DOI
  93. [102]Aguero-Domenech N. Jover S. Sarrion A. Baranda J. Quesada-Rico J.A. Pereira-Exposito A. Gil-Guillen V. Cortes-Castell E. Garcia-Teruel M.J. Vitamin D Deficiency and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Body Mass Index Nutrients 2021 14 102 10.3390/nu14010102 35010982 PMC8746839 · DOI
  94. [103]Shao B. Mo M. Xin X. Jiang W. Wu J. Huang M. Wang S. Muyiduli X. Si S. Shen Y. The interaction between prepregnancy BMI and gestational vitamin D deficiency on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus subtypes with elevated fasting blood glucose Clin. Nutr. 2020 39 2265 2273 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.015 31669001 · DOI
  95. [104]Yue C.Y. Ying C.M. Sufficience serum vitamin D before 20 weeks of pregnancy reduces the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus Nutr. Metab. 2020 17 89 10.1186/s12986-020-00509-0 PMC7574245 33088335 · DOI
  96. [105]Gao M. Cao S. Li N. Liu J. Lyu Y. Li J. Yang X. Risks of overweight in the offspring of women with gestational diabetes at different developmental stages: A meta-analysis with more than half a million offspring Obes. Rev. 2022 23 e13395 10.1111/obr.13395 34820996 · DOI
  97. [106]Sellers E.A. Dean H.J. Shafer L.A. Martens P.J. Phillips-Beck W. Heaman M. Prior H.J. Dart A.B. McGavock J. Morris M. Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Impact on the Development of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Canadian First Nations and Non-First Nations Offspring Diabetes Care 2016 39 2240 2246 10.2337/dc16-1148 27703026 · DOI · Paper page
  98. [107]Yu Y. Arah O.A. Liew Z. Cnattingius S. Olsen J. Sorensen H.T. Qin G. Li J. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring: Population based cohort study with 40 years of follow-up BMJ 2019 367 l6398 10.1136/bmj.l6398 31801789 PMC6891797 · DOI · Paper page
  99. [108]Yan P. Wang Y. Yu X. Liu Y. Zhang Z.J. Maternal diabetes and risk of childhood malignancies in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Acta Diabetol. 2021 58 153 168 10.1007/s00592-020-01598-2 32915298 · DOI
  100. [109]Hrudey E.J. Reynolds R.M. Oostvogels A.J. Brouwer I.A. Vrijkotte T.G. The Association between Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration during Gestation and Early Childhood Cardio-metabolic Outcomes: Is There Interaction with Pre-Pregnancy BMI? PLoS ONE 2015 10 e0133313 10.1371/journal.pone.0133313 26244505 PMC4526575 · DOI
  101. [110]Krishnaveni G.V. Veena S.R. Winder N.R. Hill J.C. Noonan K. Boucher B.J. Karat S.C. Fall C.H. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and body composition and cardiovascular risk markers in Indian children: The Mysore Parthenon Study Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011 93 628 635 10.3945/ajcn.110.003921 21228264 PMC3407368 · DOI
  102. [111]Sucksdorff M. Brown A.S. Chudal R. Surcel H.M. Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki S. Cheslack-Postava K. Gyllenberg D. Sourander A. Maternal Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2021 60 142 151.e2 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.021 31863882 PMC8330061 · DOI
  103. [112]Albinana C. Boelt S.G. Cohen A.S. Zhu Z. Musliner K.L. Vilhjalmsson B.J. McGrath J.J. Developmental exposure to vitamin D deficiency and subsequent risk of schizophrenia Schizophr. Res. 2021 247 26 32 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.004 34247885 · DOI
  104. [113]Arrhenius B. Upadhyaya S. Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki S. Brown A.S. Cheslack-Postava K. Ohman H. Sourander A. Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders Nutrients 2021 13 3321 10.3390/nu13103321 34684323 PMC8539854 · DOI
  105. [114]Shrestha D. Workalemahu T. Tekola-Ayele F. Maternal dyslipidemia during early pregnancy and epigenetic ageing of the placenta Epigenetics 2019 14 1030 1039 10.1080/15592294.2019.1629234 31179827 PMC6691987 · DOI
  106. [115]Al-Ajlan A. Krishnaswamy S. Alokail M.S. Aljohani N.J. Al-Serehi A. Sheshah E. Alshingetti N.M. Fouda M. Turkistani I.Z. Al-Daghri N.M. Vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia in early pregnancy BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015 15 314 10.1186/s12884-015-0751-5 26610599 PMC4662014 · DOI
  107. [116]Herrera E. Ortega-Senovilla H. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy and its implications for fetal growth Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 2014 15 24 31 10.2174/1389201015666140330192345 24720597 · DOI
  108. [117]Herrera E. Lipid metabolism in pregnancy and its consequences in the fetus and newborn Endocrine 2002 19 43 55 10.1385/ENDO:19:1:43 12583601 · DOI
  109. [118]Herrera E. Ortega-Senovilla H. Disturbances in lipid metabolism in diabetic pregnancy—Are these the cause of the problem? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010 24 515 525 10.1016/j.beem.2010.05.006 20832733 · DOI
  110. [119]Mahindra M.P. Sampurna M.T.A. Mapindra M.P. Sutowo Putri A.M. Maternal lipid levels in pregnant women without complications in developing risk of large for gestational age newborns: A study of meta-analysis F1000Research 2020 9 1213 10.12688/f1000research.26072.1 33628433 PMC7883316 · DOI
  111. [120]Wang J. Moore D. Subramanian A. Cheng K.K. Toulis K.A. Qiu X. Saravanan P. Price M.J. Nirantharakumar K. Gestational dyslipidaemia and adverse birthweight outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis Obes. Rev. 2018 19 1256 1268 10.1111/obr.12693 29786159 · DOI
  112. [121]Contreras-Duarte S. Carvajal L. Fuenzalida B. Cantin C. Sobrevia L. Leiva A. Maternal Dyslipidaemia in Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Possible Impact on Foetoplacental Vascular Function and Lipoproteins in the Neonatal Circulation Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 2019 17 52 71 10.2174/1570161115666171116154247 29149816 · DOI
  113. [122]Chen H.Y. Zhang H.P. Yang J. Huang Z.Q. Xu H.X. Jin J. Xu K. Tong Y. Dong Q.Q. Zheng J.Q. The relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and glycolipid metabolism and adverse pregnancy outcome Clin. Endocrinol. 2020 93 713 720 10.1111/cen.14298 PMC7754337 32713029 · DOI
  114. [123]Kollmann M. Obermayer-Pietsch B. Lerchbaum E. Feigl S. Hochstatter R. Pregartner G. Trummer C. Klaritsch P. Vitamin D Concentrations at Term Do Not Differ in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Med. 2021 10 537 10.3390/jcm10030537 33540556 PMC7867163 · DOI
  115. [124]Lin M.W. Wu M.H. The role of vitamin D in polycystic ovary syndrome Indian J. Med. Res. 2015 142 238 240 10.4103/0971-5916.166527 26458338 PMC4669857 · DOI
  116. [125]Gunning M.N. Sir Petermann T. Crisosto N. van Rijn B.B. de Wilde M.A. Christ J.P. Uiterwaal C. de Jager W. Eijkemans M.J.C. Kunselman A.R. Cardiometabolic health in offspring of women with PCOS compared to healthy controls: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis Hum. Reprod. Update 2020 26 103 117 10.1093/humupd/dmz036 31867675 PMC7007319 · DOI
  117. [127]Park J.E. Pichiah P.B.T. Cha Y.S. Vitamin D and Metabolic Diseases: Growing Roles of Vitamin D J. Obes. Metab. Syndr. 2018 27 223 232 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.223 31089567 PMC6513299 · DOI
  118. [128]Melguizo-Rodriguez L. Costela-Ruiz V.J. Garcia-Recio E. De Luna-Bertos E. Ruiz C. Illescas-Montes R. Role of Vitamin D in the Metabolic Syndrome Nutrients 2021 13 830 10.3390/nu13030830 33802330 PMC7999005 · DOI
  119. [129]Zheng J. Liu X. Zheng B. Zheng Z. Zhang H. Zheng J. Sun C. Chen H. Yang J. Wang Z. Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency Promoted Metabolic Syndrome and Downregulated Nrf2/CBR1 Pathway in Offspring Front. Pharmacol. 2020 11 97 10.3389/fphar.2020.00097 32184720 PMC7058637 · DOI
  120. [130]Mishra V.K. Shih H.H. Parveen F. Lenzen D. Ito E. Chan T.F. Ke L.Y. Identifying the Therapeutic Significance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cells 2020 9 1145 10.3390/cells9051145 32384763 PMC7291143 · DOI
  121. [131]Dix C.F. Barcley J.L. Wright O.R.L. The role of vitamin D in adipogenesis Nutr. Rev. 2018 76 47 59 10.1093/nutrit/nux056 29244099 · DOI
  122. [132]Lefterova M.I. Haakonsson A.K. Lazar M.A. Mandrup S. PPARgamma and the global map of adipogenesis and beyond Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2014 25 293 302 10.1016/j.tem.2014.04.001 24793638 PMC4104504 · DOI
  123. [133]Bassatne A. Jafari A. Kassem M. Mantzoros C. Rahme M. El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Delta-like 1 (DLK1) is a possible mediator of vitamin D effects on bone and energy metabolism Bone 2020 138 115510 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115510 32622071 PMC11133180 · DOI
  124. [134]Lee M. Lee S.H. Kang J. Yang H. Jeong E.J. Kim H.P. Kim Y.C. Sung S.H. Salicortin-derivatives from Salix pseudo-lasiogyne twigs inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells via modulation of C/EBPalpha and SREBP1c dependent pathway Molecules 2013 18 10484 10496 10.3390/molecules180910484 23999723 PMC6269758 · DOI
  125. [135]Seong S. Kim J.H. Kim K. Kim I. Koh J.T. Kim N. Alternative regulatory mechanism for the maintenance of bone homeostasis via STAT5-mediated regulation of the differentiation of BMSCs into adipocytes Exp. Mol. Med. 2021 53 848 863 10.1038/s12276-021-00616-9 33990690 PMC8178345 · DOI
  126. [136]Huang X.Y. Chen J.X. Ren Y. Fan L.C. Xiang W. He X.J. Exosomal miR-122 promotes adipogenesis and aggravates obesity through the VDR/SREBF1 axis Obesity 2022 30 666 679 10.1002/oby.23365 35170865 · DOI
  127. [137]Nimitphong H. Holick M.F. Fried S.K. Lee M.J. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promote the differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes PLoS ONE 2012 7 e52171 10.1371/journal.pone.0052171 23272223 PMC3525569 · DOI
  128. [138]Blumberg J.M. Tzameli I. Astapova I. Lam F.S. Flier J.S. Hollenberg A.N. Complex role of the vitamin D receptor and its ligand in adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells J. Biol. Chem. 2006 281 11205 11213 10.1074/jbc.M510343200 16467308 · DOI
  129. [139]Belenchia A.M. Jones K.L. Will M. Beversdorf D.Q. Vieira-Potter V. Rosenfeld C.S. Peterson C.A. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects expression of adipogenic-regulating genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in lean male mice offspring Eur. J. Nutr. 2018 57 723 730 10.1007/s00394-016-1359-x 28004271 PMC6643277 · DOI
  130. [140]Belenchia A.M. Johnson S.A. Ellersieck M.R. Rosenfeld C.S. Peterson C.A. In utero vitamin D deficiency predisposes offspring to long-term adverse adipose tissue effects J. Endocrinol. 2017 234 301 313 10.1530/JOE-17-0015 28676524 PMC6647013 · DOI
  131. [141]Myers M.G. Jr. Leibel R.L. Seeley R.J. Schwartz M.W. Obesity and leptin resistance: Distinguishing cause from effect Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2010 21 643 651 10.1016/j.tem.2010.08.002 20846876 PMC2967652 · DOI
  132. [142]Patriota P. Rezzi S. Guessous I. Marques-Vidal P. Association between anthropometric markers of adiposity, adipokines and vitamin D levels Sci. Rep. 2022 12 15435 10.1038/s41598-022-19409-9 36104384 PMC9474508 · DOI
  133. [143]Khwanchuea R. Punsawad C. Associations Between Body Composition, Leptin, and Vitamin D Varied by the Body Fat Percentage in Adolescents Front. Endocrinol. 2022 13 876231 10.3389/fendo.2022.876231 PMC9203737 35721764 · DOI
  134. [144]Guo L. Miao Z. Ma H. Melnychuk S. Effects of maternal vitamin D3 during pregnancy on FASN and LIPE mRNA expression in offspring pigs J. Agric. Sci. 2020 158 128 135 10.1017/S0021859620000210 · DOI
  135. [145]Harreiter J. Mendoza L.C. Simmons D. Desoye G. Devlieger R. Galjaard S. Damm P. Mathiesen E.R. Jensen D.M. Andersen L.L.T. Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Pregnant Women: No Effects on the Maternal or Fetal Lipid Profile and Body Fat Distribution-A Secondary Analysis of the Multicentric, Randomized, Controlled Vitamin D and Lifestyle for Gestational Diabetes Prevention Trial (DALI) Nutrients 2022 14 3781 10.3390/nu14183781 36145157 PMC9503968 · DOI
  136. [146]Mousa A. Naderpoor N. Wilson K. Plebanski M. de Courten M.P.J. Scragg R. de Courten B. Vitamin D supplementation increases adipokine concentrations in overweight or obese adults Eur. J. Nutr. 2020 59 195 204 10.1007/s00394-019-01899-5 30649593 · DOI
  137. [147]Eglit T. Ringmets I. Lember M. Obesity, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and metabolic risk factors: Prevalence and gender-specific associations in Estonia PLoS ONE 2013 8 e73273 10.1371/journal.pone.0073273 24039900 PMC3767784 · DOI
  138. [148]Mousa A. Abell S.K. Shorakae S. Harrison C.L. Naderpoor N. Hiam D. Moreno-Asso A. Stepto N.K. Teede H.J. de Courten B. Relationship between vitamin D and gestational diabetes in overweight or obese pregnant women may be mediated by adiponectin Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2017 61 488 10.1002/mnfr.201700488 28741856 · DOI · Paper page
  139. [149]Nascimento F.A. Ceciliano T.C. Aguila M.B. Mandarim-de-Lacerda C.A. Transgenerational effects on the liver and pancreas resulting from maternal vitamin D restriction in mice J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2013 59 367 374 10.3177/jnsv.59.367 24418870 · DOI
  140. [150]Sharma S.S. Jangale N.M. Harsulkar A.M. Gokhale M.K. Joshi B.N. Chronic maternal calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in Wistar rats programs abnormal hepatic gene expression leading to hepatic steatosis in female offspring J. Nutr. Biochem. 2017 43 36 46 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.008 28219837 · DOI
  141. [151]Kahn C.R. Wang G. Lee K.Y. Altered adipose tissue and adipocyte function in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome J. Clin. Investig. 2019 129 3990 4000 10.1172/JCI129187 31573548 PMC6763230 · DOI
  142. [152]Li P. Li P. Liu Y. Liu W. Zha L. Chen X. Zheng R. Qi K. Zhang Y. Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of obesity in male offspring mice by affecting the immune response Nutrition 2021 87–88 111191 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111191 33744641 · DOI
  143. [153]Mandell E. Ryan S. Seedorf G.J. Gonzalez T. Abman S.H. Fleet J.C. Maternal vitamin D deficiency induces transcriptomic changes in newborn rat lungs J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2020 199 105613 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105613 32007564 · DOI
  144. [154]Milliken S. Allen R.M. Lamont R.F. The role of antimicrobial treatment during pregnancy on the neonatal gut microbiome and the development of atopy, asthma, allergy and obesity in childhood Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2019 18 173 185 10.1080/14740338.2019.1579795 30739516 · DOI
  145. [155]Niu J. Xu L. Qian Y. Sun Z. Yu D. Huang J. Zhou X. Wang Y. Zhang T. Ren R. Evolution of the Gut Microbiome in Early Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese Children Front. Microbiol. 2020 11 439 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00439 32346375 PMC7169428 · DOI
  146. [156]Villa C.R. Taibi A. Chen J. Ward W.E. Comelli E.M. Colonic Bacteroides are positively associated with trabecular bone structure and programmed by maternal vitamin D in male but not female offspring in an obesogenic environment Int. J. Obes. 2018 42 696 703 10.1038/ijo.2017.294 29188819 · DOI
  147. [157]Ni M. Zhang Q. Zhao J. Yao D. Wang T. Shen Q. Li W. Li B. Ding X. Liu Z. Prenatal inflammation causes obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism via impaired energy expenditure in male offspring Nutr. Metab. 2022 19 8 10.1186/s12986-022-00642-y 35135573 PMC8822840 · DOI
  148. [158]Villa C.R. Chen J. Wen B. Sacco S.M. Taibi A. Ward W.E. Comelli E.M. Maternal vitamin D beneficially programs metabolic, gut and bone health of mouse male offspring in an obesogenic environment Int. J. Obes. 2016 40 1875 1883 10.1038/ijo.2016.177 27698344 · DOI
  149. [159]Villa C.R. Chen J. Wen B. Sacco S.M. Taibi A. Ward W.E. Comelli E.M. Maternal Dietary Vitamin D Does Not Program Systemic Inflammation and Bone Health in Adult Female Mice Fed an Obesogenic Diet Nutrients 2016 8 675 10.3390/nu8110675 27792161 PMC5133063 · DOI
  150. [160]Perez-Torres I. Castrejon-Tellez V. Soto M.E. Rubio-Ruiz M.E. Manzano-Pech L. Guarner-Lans V. Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021 22 1786 10.3390/ijms22041786 33670130 PMC7916866 · DOI
  151. [161]Manna P. Jain S.K. Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 2015 13 423 444 10.1089/met.2015.0095 26569333 PMC4808277 · DOI
  152. [162]Hu C. Yan Y. Ji F. Zhou H. Maternal Obesity Increases Oxidative Stress in Placenta and It Is Associated with Intestinal Microbiota Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2021 11 671347 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671347 34497775 PMC8420882 · DOI
  153. [163]Gil A. Plaza-Diaz J. Mesa M.D. Vitamin D: Classic and Novel Actions Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2018 72 87 95 10.1159/000486536 29346788 · DOI
  154. [164]Qasemi R. Ghavamzadeh S. Faghfouri A.H. Valizadeh N. Mohammadi A. Sayyadi H. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on flow-mediated dilatation, oxidized LDL and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 on type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial Diabetes Metab. Syndr. 2021 15 102200 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102200 34265491 · DOI
  155. [165]Gallo L.A. Barrett H.L. Dekker Nitert M. Review: Placental transport and metabolism of energy substrates in maternal obesity and diabetes Placenta 2017 54 59 67 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.006 27993398 · DOI
  156. [166]Maugeri A. Barchitta M. Blanco I. Agodi A. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy on Birth Size: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Nutrients 2019 11 442 10.3390/nu11020442 30791641 PMC6412248 · DOI
  157. [167]Xu Y. Sun Z. Molecular basis of Klotho: From gene to function in aging Endocr. Rev. 2015 36 174 193 10.1210/er.2013-1079 25695404 PMC4399270 · DOI
  158. [168]Chen H. Zhang H. Xie H. Zheng J. Lin M. Chen J. Tong Y. Jin J. Xu K. Yang J. Maternal, umbilical arterial metabolic levels and placental Nrf2/CBR1 expression in pregnancies with and without 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2021 37 807 813 10.1080/09513590.2021.1942451 34232092 · DOI
  159. [169]Wicklow B.A. Sellers E.A. Maternal health issues and cardio-metabolic outcomes in the offspring: A focus on Indigenous populations Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2015 29 43 53 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.04.017 25238683 · DOI
  160. [170]O’Reilly J.R. Reynolds R.M. The risk of maternal obesity to the long-term health of the offspring Clin. Endocrinol. 2013 78 9 16 10.1111/cen.12055 23009645 · DOI
  161. [171]Catalano P.M. Ehrenberg H.M. The short- and long-term implications of maternal obesity on the mother and her offspring BJOG 2006 113 1126 1133 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00989.x 16827826 · DOI
  162. [172]Williams C.B. Mackenzie K.C. Gahagan S. The effect of maternal obesity on the offspring Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2014 57 508 515 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000043 24936914 PMC4862374 · DOI
  163. [173]Shankar K. Harrell A. Liu X. Gilchrist J.M. Ronis M.J. Badger T.M. Maternal obesity at conception programs obesity in the offspring Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2008 294 R528 R538 10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2007 18032473 · DOI
  164. [174]Godfrey K.M. Reynolds R.M. Prescott S.L. Nyirenda M. Jaddoe V.W. Eriksson J.G. Broekman B.F. Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 5 53 64 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30107-3 27743978 PMC5245733 · DOI · Paper page
  165. [175]Trandafir L.M. Temneanu O.R. Pre and post-natal risk and determination of factors for child obesity J. Med. Life 2016 9 386 391 27928443 PMC5141399

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wu, Y., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Q., & Xiao, X.
Affiliations
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Zhang, Qian
  • Xiao, Xinhua
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-01-19
Volume
15
Issue
3
Pages
533
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu15030533
PMC
PMC9919568
OpenAlex
W4317435176
Cited by
24
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • Beijing Natural Science Foundation (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • Scientific Activities Foundation for Selected Returned Overseas Professionals of Human Resources and Social Security Ministry, Beijing Dongcheng District Outstanding Talent Funding Project (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
  • National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (81870545, 81870579, 82170854, 81570715, 81170736, 7202163, Z201100005520011, 2017YFC1309603, 2021YFC2501700, 2016YFA0101002, 2018YFC2001100, 2019DCT-M-05, 2017PT31036, 2018PT31021, 2017PT32020, 2018PT32001, CIFMS2017-I2M-1-008, CIFMS2021-I2M-1-002, 2022-PUMCH-C-019)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Keywords
maternal vitamin D deficiency, offspring obesity, developmental origins of health and disease, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, fetal growth restriction, macrosomia, adipogenesis, adipokines, leptin, resistin, adiponectin, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, gut microbiota, pregnancy outcomes
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Animals, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Mothers, Obesity, Pregnancy, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review