Identity Functioning and Eating Disorder Symptomatology: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Adolescence is the most critical life period for the development of eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. Although problems in identity functioning and emotion dysregulation have been proven important risk and maintaining factors of ED symptomatology, they have never been integrated in a longitudinal study. Methods: The present study is part of the Longitudinal Identity research in Adolescence (LIA)-study and aimed to uncover the temporal interplay between identity functioning, cognitive emotion regulation, and ED symptomatology in adolescence. A total of 2,162 community adolescents (Time 1: 54% female; Mage = 14.58, SD = 1.88, range = 10–21 years) participated at three measurement points with 1-year intervals. They reported on identity functioning (identity synthesis and identity confusion), cognitive emotion regulation (rumination, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal), and ED symptomatology (drive for thinness and bulimia symptoms). Results: Cross-lagged paths could be fixed for boys and girls and showed bidirectional associations between both dimensions of identity functioning and both rumination and catastrophizing over time. Similarly, these maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were bidirectionally related to ED symptomatology over time. Finally, indirect pathways pointed to bidirectional associations between both dimensions of identity functioning and bulimia symptoms through rumination and catastrophizing. Only unidirectional associations emerged for drive for thinness and almost no cross-lagged associations were found with positive reappraisal. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that identity confusion may contribute to the development of ED symptomatology in adolescence through cognitive emotion dysregulation. It also reveals that these ED symptoms hamper identity development through emotion dysregulation. These results stress the importance of targeting both identity functioning and cognitive emotion regulation in the prevention and intervention of ED symptoms.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Identity synthesis and confusion predicted eating disorder symptoms one and two years later in Belgian adolescents and emerging adults.
“identity synthesis and confusion predicted eating disorder symptoms one and two years later”
From Identity Development and Social-Emotional Disorders During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Verschueren et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance
Chen, F. F. (2007) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705510701301834 · Cited by 12,217 · see citing works
A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values
Little, R. J. A. (1988) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722 · Cited by 8,963 · see citing works
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, using a narrative identity approach (McAdams and McLean, 2013), including other emotion regulation dimensions (such as the flexible use of strategies, maintaining behavioral control, and emotional awareness; Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and focusing on a broader range of ED symptomatology (such as excessive ex…”
MethodEmotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Importantly, in all models, stronger temporal associations are expected with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, as these are generally more strongly related to psychopathology than the absence of adaptive strategies (Aldao et al., 2010; Aldao and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012).”
BackgroundCognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Cary, G. L. (1994) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1994.48.1.155 · Cited by 6,300 · see citing works
A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02296192 · Cited by 5,282 · see citing works
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172 · see citing works
Handbook of Emotion Regulation
Lambert, K. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.15.1808 · Cited by 4,900 · see citing works
Fras, I. (1968) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(68)71853-3 · Cited by 3,519 · see citing works
Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment
Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00088-8 · Cited by 3,374 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 3,233 · see citing works
Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance.
Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999) · doi:10.1037/10312-000 · Cited by 3,100 · see citing works
Ensuring Positiveness of the Scaled Difference Chi-square Test Statistic
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2009) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-009-9135-y · Cited by 2,725 · see citing works
Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V, & Spinhoven, P. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00113-6 · Cited by 2,494 · see citing works
Binge eating as escape from self-awareness
Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86 · Cited by 2,259 · see citing works
A checklist for testing measurement invariance
van de Schoot, R., Lugtig, P., & Hox, J. (2012) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.686740 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Coping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0601_1 · Cited by 1,807 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2016), other studies in adults point to women generally using a broader range of (both adaptive and maladaptive) strategies than men (Tamres et al., 2002; NolenHoeksema and Aldao, 2011).”
BackgroundMcAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721413475622 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Thompson, J. K., & Stice, E. M. (2001) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00144 · Cited by 1,407 · see citing works
Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire
Heinberg, L. J., Thompson, J. K., & Stormer, S. M. (1995) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(199501)17:1 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Zimmermann, P., & Iwanski, A. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025413515405 · Cited by 916 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Especially during (middle) adolescence, emotional stability is lowest and youth experience a dysfunctional shift toward an increased use of maladaptive strategies (Zimmermann and Iwanski, 2014; Cracco et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLuyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmidt, U. H., & Treasure, J. L. (2006) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x53902 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
Testing prospective effects in longitudinal research: Comparing seven competing cross-lagged models.
Orth, U., Clark, D. A., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000358 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire–development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short)
Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.010 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Identity and Agency in Emerging Adulthood: Two Developmental Routes in the Individualization Process
Schwartz, S. J., Côté, J. E., & Arnett, J. J. (2005) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x05275965 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Aldao, A. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.012 · Cited by 772 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is not entirely clear why different results were found in the present study, but these findings add to the inconsistent gender differences that are found in emotion regulation research (Nolen-Hoeksema and Aldao, 2011; Goossens et al., 2016).”
ResultNeumark‐Sztainer, D., Wall, M. M., Larson, N., Eisenberg, M. E., & Loth, K. A. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.04.012 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis
Johnson, D. P., & Whisman, M. A. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger
Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Nolen–Hoeksema, S., Stice, E. M., Wade, E., & Bohon, C. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.198 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
The Study of Adolescent Identity Formation 2000–2010: A Review of Longitudinal Research
Meeus, W. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00716.x · Cited by 618 · see citing works
CROLL, J., NEUMARKSZTAINER, D., STORY, M., & IRELAND, M. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00368-3 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: a meta-analysis of controlled studies
Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00057-x · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Jones, D. C., Vigfusdottir, T. H., & Lee, Y. (2004) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558403258847 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Smyth, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Heron, K. E., Sliwinski, M. J., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., & Engel, S. G. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.4.629 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
When are adaptive strategies most predictive of psychopathology?
Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023598 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
From trust on intimacy: A new inventory for examining erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Rosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. (1981) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02087944 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Lawler, M., & Nixon, E. (2010) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9500-2 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Svaldi, J., Griepenstroh, J., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Ehring, T. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.11.009 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Schwartz, S. J., Beyers, W., Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Zamboanga, B. L., Forthun, L. F., Hardy, S. A., Vazsonyi, A. T., Ham, L. S., Kim, S. Y., et al. (2010) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9606-6 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationSchaefer, L. M., Harriger, J. A., Heinberg, L. J., Soderberg, T., & Thompson, J. K. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22590 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Identity Style and Coping Strategies
Berzonsky, M. D. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00273.x · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Anorexia Nervosa: therapy and theory
Bruch, H. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.12.1531 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunbar, J. P., Watson, K. H., Bettis, A. H., Gruhn, M. A., & Williams, E. K. (2013) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12043 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children
Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C. J., Jellesma, F. C., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0562-3 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Difficulties in emotion regulation across the spectrum of eating disorders
Brockmeyer, T., Skunde, M., Wu, M., Bresslein, E., Rudofsky, G., Herzog, W., & Friederich, H. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.001 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism
FRANCES, A. J. (1976) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1976.30.2.332 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Emotion regulation across childhood and adolescence: evidence for a maladaptive shift in adolescence
Cracco, E., Goossens, L., & Braet, C. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0952-8 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Knauss, C., Paxton, S. J., & Alsaker, F. D. (2007) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.06.007 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Gender differences in eating disorder symptoms in young adults
Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Moerk, K. C., & Striegel‐Moore, R. H. (2002) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10103 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
A cognitive model of bulimia nervosa
Cooper, M. J., Wells, A., & Todd, G. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466504772812931 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Killen, J. D., Taylor, C. B., Hammer, L. D., Litt, I. F., Wilson, D. M., Rich, T., Hayward, C., Simmonds, B., KRAEMER, H. C., & Varady, A. N. (1993) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(199305)13:4 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Corstorphine, E. (2006) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.747 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Fragmented Selves: Temporality and Identity in Borderline Personality Disorder
Fuchs, T. (2007) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000106468 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Mallorquí‐Bagué, N., Vintró‐Alcaraz, C., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Agüera, Z., Granero, R., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Menchón, J. M., Treasure, J. L., & Fernández‐Aranda, F. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2570 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Susman, E., Houts, R., Steinberg, L., Belsky, J., Cauffman, E., Dehart, G., Friedman, S., Roisman, G. I., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.261 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of a Measure of Identity Distress
Berman, S. L., Montgomery, M. J., & Kurtines, W. M. (2004) · Identity · doi:10.1207/s1532706xid0401_1 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Measuring Identity From an Eriksonian Perspective: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Wang, W., & Olthuis, J. V. (2009) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890802634266 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.036 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
When the Body Defines the Self: Self-Concept Clarity, Internalization, and Body Image
Vartanian, L. R. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.94 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A theoretical framework for the associations between identity and psychopathology.
Klimstra, T. A., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000356 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Examination of the Response Styles Theory in a Community Sample of Young Adolescents
Hilt, L. M., McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2010) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9384-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
A formulation of Erikson's theory of ego identity formation
Côté, J. E., & Levine, C. G. (1987) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/0273-2297(87)90015-3 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Berzonsky, M. D. (2004) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405620444000120 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Developmental Considerations of Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity
Bruch, H. (1981) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378102600402 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Mills, P. A., Newman, E., Cossar, J. A., & Murray, G. C. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.05.011 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation in Children with Emotional Problems
Braet, C., Theuwis, L., Durme, K. V., Vandewalle, J., Vandevivere, E., Wante, L., Moens, E., Verbeken, S., & Goossens, L. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9616-x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
A Cross-National Study of Identity Status in Dutch and Italian Adolescents
Crocetti, E., Schwartz, S. J., Fermani, A., Klimstra, T. A., & Meeus, W. (2011) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000076 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Vartanian, L. R., Hayward, L. E., Smyth, J. M., Paxton, S. J., & Touyz, S. W. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22835 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Frequency and Patterns of Eating Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence
Micali, N., Ploubidis, G. B., Stavola, B. L. D., Simonoff, E. A., & Treasure, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.200 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Disturbed Sense of Identity in Borderline Personality Disorder
Jørgensen, C. R. (2006) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.6.618 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Buelens, T., Luyckx, K., Kiekens, G., Gandhi, A., Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Claes, L. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.009 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferences in Emotion Regulation Difficulties Across Types of Eating Disorders During Adolescence
Weinbach, N., Sher, H., & Bohon, C. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0365-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Crocetti, E., Luyckx, K., Scrignaro, M., & Sica, L. S. (2011) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2011.576858 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationEating Disorders?The Regulation of Positive as well as Negative Emotion Experience
Overton, A. E., Selway, S. L., Strongman, K. T., & Houston, M. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-005-0911-2 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbance and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: The Role of Catastrophic Worry
Danielsson, N. S., Harvey, A. G., MacDonald, S., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., & Linton, S. J. (2012) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9811-6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Cowdrey, F. A., & Park, R. J. (2011) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.08.001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Kökönyei, G., Kocsel, N., Király, O., Griffiths, M. D., Galambos, A., Mägi, A., Paksi, B., & Demetrovics, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00273 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Verschueren, M., Rassart, J., Claes, L., Moons, P., & Luyckx, K. (2017) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.348 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of the Dutch EDI-2 in One Clinical and Two Nonclinical Populations1
van Strien, T., & Ouwens, M. A. (2003) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027//1015-5759.19.1.66 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Berzonsky, M. D. (2005) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203024805-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Luyckx, K., Klimstra, T. A., Duriez, B., Schwartz, S. J., & Vanhalst, J. (2012) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9753-z · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationRestrictive eating is associated with emotion regulation difficulties in a non-clinical sample
Haynos, A. F., Wang, S. B., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2018) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1418264 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Identity disturbance and problems with emotion regulation are related constructs across diagnoses.
Neacsiu, A., Herr, N. R., Fang, C. M., Rodriguez, M., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22141 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Abebe, D., Lien, L., & von Soest, T. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20950 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A Double Burden: Emotional Eating and Lack of Cognitive Reappraisal in Eating Disordered Women
Danner, U. N., Evers, C., Stok, F. M., van Elburg, A. A., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2184 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Robinson, A. L., Kosmerly, S., Mansfield-Green, S., & Lafrance, G. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0031123 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Verschueren, M., Claes, L., Bogaerts, A., Palmeroni, N., Gandhi, A., Moons, P., & Luyckx, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00816 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationIs the body the self? Women and body image.
Lugović, L., Situm, M., Bulić, S. O., & Masnec, I. S. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Arbuthnott, A. E., Lewis, S. P., & Bailey, H. N. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22115 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bogaerts, A., Claes, L., Schwartz, S. J., Becht, A. I., Verschueren, M., Gandhi, A., & Luyckx, K. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0931-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationNyman‐Carlsson, E., Engström, I., Norring, C. E. A., & Nevonen, L. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.949305 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Identity and Psychopathology: Bridging Developmental and Clinical Research
Verschueren, M., Claes, L., Gandhi, A., & Luyckx, K. (2019) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696819870021 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Identity Pathology Development: An Integrative Review
Kaufman, E. A., & Crowell, S. E. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000138 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Deficits in general emotion regulation skills–Evidence of a transdiagnostic factor
Lukas, C. A., Ebert, D. D., Fuentes, H. T., Caspar, F., & Berking, M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22565 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Cross-Lagged Research Approach: Description and Illustration
Anderson, T. N., & Kida, T. (1982) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2490748 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire
Danielsen, M., Bjørnelv, S., & Rø, Ø. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22393 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2012) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-4.pada · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Corning, A. F., & Heibel, H. D. (2015) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2015.1034057 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Goossens, L., Malderen, E. V., Durme, K. V., & Braet, C. (2016) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.015 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Verschueren, M., Claes, L., Palmeroni, N., Bogaerts, A., Gandhi, A., Moons, P., & Luyckx, K. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01174-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentity status and emotion regulation in adolescence and early adulthood
Jankowski, P. (2013) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.2478/ppb-2013-0032 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Verstuyf, J., Petegem, S. V., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Boone, L. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9949-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dropouts in Longitudinal Surveys
de Leeuw, E. D., & Lugtig, P. J. (2015) · Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online · doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat06661.pub2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Is the Body the Self? Women and Body Image
Polivy, J., & Herman, P. (2007) · University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
COPING SKILLS IN JAPANESE WOMEN WITH EATING DISORDERS
Nakahara, R., Yoshiuchi, K., Yamanaka, G., Sasaki, T., Suematsu, H., & Kuboki, T. (2000) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.741 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Eating Disorders and Ego Identity Development
Sparks, M. D. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/5f6f-cffd · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Navarro-Loli, J. S., Domínguez-Lara, S., & Medrano, L. A. (2020) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep54.1.13 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Brown T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research, 2nd Edn. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Kline R. B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 2nd Edn. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Potterton, R., Austin, A., Robinson, L., Webb, H., Allen, K. L., & Schmidt, U. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01536-7 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Félix, S., Gonçalves, S. F., Ramos, R., Tavares, A., Vaz, A. R., Machado, P. P. P., & Conceição, E. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Trompeter, N., Dârvariu, Ş., Brieva‐Toloza, A. V., Opitz, M., Rabelo‐da‐Ponte, F. D., Sharpe, H., Desrivières, S., Schmidt, U. H., & Micali, N. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02601-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bogaerts, A., Claes, L., Raymaekers, K., Buelens, T., Bastiaens, T., & Luyckx, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125812 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationPellegrini, R. A., Finzi, S., Veglia, F., & Fini, G. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.785004 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Eating disorder symptoms and profiles of emotion regulation strategy use
Salias, C., Gross, J. J., Petrova, K., Forbush, K. T., & Preece, D. A. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.050 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bogaerts, A., Luyckx, K., Bastiaens, T., Sleuwaegen, E., Berens, A., & Claes, L. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911221140313 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, C., Li, F., & Khalid, N. F. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23071-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Distinct Patterns of Dynamical Regulation in Passive Sensor Data Following Binge and Purge Behaviors
Butner, J., Thornton, L. M., Kilshaw, R. E., Flatt, R. E., Shi, Q., Deboeck, P. R., Tregarthen, J., Argue, S., Baucom, B., & Bulik, C. M. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24437 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Romero‐Mesa, J., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., & Extremera, N. (2022) · European Journal of Education and Psychology · doi:10.32457/ejep.v15i1.1767 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Meng, X., Huang, Z., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Garofalo, C. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113528 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Murayama, Y., Ito, H., Hamada, M., Takayanagi, N., Nakajima, T., Myogan, M., & Tsujii, M. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-00991-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Antichi, L., Rabarbari, E., Oasi, O., & Riva, G. (2026) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2026.2677623 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Azarmehr, R., Reck, A., Zhang, L., & Oshri, A. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12249
The Emotional Cascade Model of Borderline Personality Disorder
Salavati, M., & Selby, E. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75503-3_8
Jiang, W., Shi, Z., & Zhang, X. (2025) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.3207
Chen, J. X., & de Moor, E. L. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01403-x
Yu, L., & Yan, M. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09529-0
Croce, S. R., Meyer, D., Malcolm, A., Ralph‐Nearman, C., & Phillipou, A. (2026) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.70166
- Authors
- Verschueren, M., Claes, L., Palmeroni, N., Raemen, L., Buelens, T., Moons, P., & Luyckx, K.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of the Free State (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Claes, Laurence
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-05-28
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 667235-667235
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8194491
- OpenAlex
- W3166649026
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G062117N)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- eating disorders, identity confusion, identity synthesis, cognitive emotion regulation, rumination, catastrophizing, positive reappraisal, drive for thinness, adolescence, emotional dysregulation, bidirectional relationship, eating disorder prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
