Psychiatric disorders in refugees and internally displaced persons after forced displacement: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background Protracted armed conflicts not only shape political, legal, and socio-economic structures, but also have a lasting impact on people’s human migration. In 2017, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reported an unprecedented number of 65.6 million individuals who were displaced worldwide as a result of armed conflicts. To date, however, little is known about these people’s mental health status. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among forcibly displaced populations in settings of armed conflicts. Methods We undertook a database search using Medline, PsycINFO, PILOTS, and the Cochrane Library, using the following keywords and their appropriate synonyms to identify relevant articles for possible inclusion: “mental health”, “refugees”, “internally displaced people”, “survey”, and “war”. This search was limited to original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published after 1980. We reviewed studies with prevalence rates of common psychiatric disorders – mood and anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, and suicidality – among adult internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees afflicted by armed conflicts. Results The search initially yielded 915 articles. Of these references, 38 studies were eligible and provided data for a total of 39,518 adult IDPs and refugees from 21 countries. The highest prevalence were for reported for post-traumatic stress disorder (3-88%), depression (5-80%), and anxiety disorders (1-81%) with large variation. Only 12 original articles reported about other mental disorders. Conclusions These results show a substantial lack of data concerning the wider extent of psychiatric disability among people living in protracted displacement situations. Ambitious assessment programs are needed to support the implementation of sustainable global mental health policies in war-torn countries. Finally, there is an urgent need for large-scale interventions that address psychiatric disorders in refugees and internally displaced persons after displacement.
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These adverse effects may be mediated by the association of both maternal and paternal depression with negative parenting behaviours.
“These adverse effects may be mediated by the association of both maternal 252 and paternal 253 depression with negative parenting behaviours.”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [252]
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- Authors
- Morina, N., Akhtar, A., Barth, J., & Schnyder, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Morina, Naser
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-09-21
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 433-433
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6160546
- OpenAlex
- W2892051851
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Exile Studies
- Keywords
- mental illness, refugees, internally displaced persons, forced displacement, armed conflict, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, psychosis, personality disorders, substance abuse, suicidality, mental health prevalence, protracted displacement
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