The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nitrates/Nitrites in Food—Risk for Nitrosative Stress and Benefits
Open accessAbstract
In the context of impact on human health, nitrite/nitrate and related nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO) are a matter of increasing scientific controversy. An increase in the content of reactive nitrogen species may result in nitrosative stress—a deleterious process, which can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures, including lipids, membranes, proteins and DNA. Nitrates and nitrites are widespread in the environment and occur naturally in foods of plant origin as a part of the nitrogen cycle. Additionally, these compounds are used as additives to improve food quality and protect against microbial contamination and chemical changes. Some vegetables such as raw spinach, beets, celery and lettuce are considered to contain high concentrations of nitrates. Due to the high consumption of vegetables, they have been identified as the primary source of nitrates in the human diet. Processed meats are another source of nitrites in our diet because the meat industry uses nitrates/nitrites as additives in the meat curing process. Although the vast majority of consumed nitrates and nitrites come from natural vegetables and fruits rather than food additives, there is currently a great deal of consumer pressure for the production of meat products free of or with reduced quantities of these compounds. This is because, for years, the cancer risks of nitrates/nitrites have been considered, since they potentially convert into the nitrosamines that have carcinogenic effects. This has resulted in the development and rapid expansion of meat products processed with plant-derived nitrates as nitrite alternatives in meat products. On the other hand, recently, these two ions have been discussed as essential nutrients which allow nitric oxide production and thus help cardiovascular health. Thus, this manuscript reviews the main sources of dietary exposure to nitrates and nitrites, metabolism of nitrites/nitrates, and health concerns related to dietary nitrites/nitrates, with particular emphasis on the effect on nitrosative stress, the role of nitrites/nitrates in meat products and alternatives to these additives used in meat products.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
![Figure 1 General dietary exposure of nitrate and nitrite [8].](/paper-figures/64c5cccaf792422c898e11b3e000f065/nitrates-nitrites-in-foodrisk-for-nitrosative-stress-and-benefits-figure-1.jpg)
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These compounds can be formed when nitrite reacts with amines in acidic conditions or during high-temperature processing, particularly in protein-rich foods such as processed meats [273,274,275].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [274]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
Pacher, P., Beckman, J. S., & Liaudet, L. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2006 · Cited by 6,390
The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Gladwin, M. T. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2466 · Cited by 2,739 · cited 1×
“Endogenous nitrates and nitrites are produced in the L‐arginine/NO‐synthase pathway [19].”
BackgroundKurutas, E. B. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-016-0186-5 · Cited by 2,152
Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Human Disease
Dalle-Donne, I., Rossi, R., Colombo, R., Giustarini, D., & Milzani, A. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.061408 · Cited by 1,703
Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review
Ward, M., Jones, R., Brender, J., De Kok, T., Weyer, P., Nolan, B., Villanueva, C., & Van Breda, S. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15071557 · Cited by 1,576
Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: The physiologic context for potential health benefits
Hord, N. G., Tang, Y., & Bryan, N. S. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27131 · Cited by 1,069
Inorganic nitrate is a possible source for systemic generation of nitric oxide
Lundberg, J. O., & Govoni, M. (2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.027 · Cited by 657
(EFSA), E. F. S. A. (2008) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2008.653 · Cited by 549
Kapil, V., Khambata, R. S., Robertson, A., Caulfield, M. J., & Ahluwalia, A. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04675 · Cited by 500
Cross, A. J., Ferrucci, L. M., Risch, A., Graubard, B. I., Ward, M. H., Park, Y., Hollenbeck, A. R., Schatzkin, A., & Sinha, R. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3929 · Cited by 469
Municipal Drinking Water Nitrate Level and Cancer Risk in Older Women: The Iowa Women’s Health Study
Weyer, P. J., Cerhan, J. R., Kross, B. C., Hallberg, G. R., Kantamneni, J. R., Breuer, G. M., Jones, M. P., Zheng, W., & Lynch, C. F. (2001) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200105000-00013 · Cited by 447
Nitrite as Regulator of Hypoxic Signaling in Mammalian Physiology
van Faassen, E. E., Bahrami, S., Feelisch, M., Hogg, N., Kelm, M., Kim‐Shapiro, D. B., Kozlov, A. V., Li, H., Lundberg, J. O., Mason, R., et al. (2009) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.20151 · Cited by 435
Siervo, M., Lara, J., Ogbonmwan, I., & Mathers, J. C. (2013) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.170233 · Cited by 375
Nitrate in vegetables - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food chain
(EFSA), E. F. S. A. (2008) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2008.689 · Cited by 374
Dietary Nitrates, Nitrites, and Nitrosamines Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Song, P. K., Wu, L., & Guan, W. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7125505 · Cited by 373
Human safety controversies surrounding nitrate and nitrite in the diet
Sindelar, J. J., & Milkowski, A. L. (2012) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2012.03.011 · Cited by 363
Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity
Doel, J. J., Benjamin, N., Hector, M. P., Rogers, M., & Allaker, R. P. (2005) · European Journal of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00184.x · Cited by 362
Ohshima, H., & Bartsch, H. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 344
Novel Aspects of Dietary Nitrate and Human Health
Weitzberg, E., & Lundberg, J. O. (2013) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161159 · Cited by 324
Alternatives to nitrite in processed meat: Up to date
Alahakoon, A. U., Jayasena, D. D., Ramachandra, S., & Jo, C. (2015) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2015.05.008 · Cited by 304
Dietary nitrate and nitrite: Benefits, risks, and evolving perceptions
Bedale, W. A., Sindelar, J. J., & Milkowski, A. L. (2016) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.009 · Cited by 300
Nitrate and Nitrite in Health and Disease
Ma, L., Hu, L., Feng, X., & Wang, S. (2018) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2017.1207 · Cited by 294
Rassaf, T., Flögel, U., Drexhage, C., Hendgen-Cotta, U., Kelm, M., & Schrader, J. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.152488 · Cited by 284
Hyde, E. R., Andrade, F., Vaksman, Z., Parthasarathy, K., Jiang, H., Parthasarathy, D. K., Torregrossa, A. C., Tribble, G., Kaplan, H. B., Petrosino, J. F., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088645 · Cited by 275
Tricker, A. R. (1997) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-199706000-00003 · Cited by 268
A Central Role for Heme Iron in Colon Carcinogenesis Associated with Red Meat Intake
Bastide, N. M., Chenni, F. Z., Audebert, M., Santarelli, R. L., Taché, S., Naud, N., Baradat, M., Jouanin, I., Surya, R., Hobbs, D. A., et al. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2554 · Cited by 237
Tripatara, P., Patel, N. S. A., Webb, A., Rathod, K., Lecomte, F. M. J., Mazzon, E., Cuzzocrea, S., Yaqoob, M. M., Ahluwalia, A., & Thiemermann, C. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006050450 · Cited by 226
Li, X., Tao, R., Hong, L., Cheng, J., Jiang, Q., Lu, Y., Liao, M., Ye, W., Lu, N., Han, F., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5b06865 · Cited by 216
Sialin ( SLC17A5 ) functions as a nitrate transporter in the plasma membrane
Qin, L., Liu, X., Sun, Q., Fan, Z., Xia, D., Ding, G., Ong, H. L., Adams, D., Gahl, W. A., Zheng, C., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116633109 · Cited by 216
Keszei, A. P., Goldbohm, R. A., Schouten, L. J., Jakszyn, P. G., & van den Brandt, P. A. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.043885 · Cited by 198
Vegetable-borne nitrate and nitrite and the risk of methaemoglobinaemia
Chan, T. Y. K. (2010) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.002 · Cited by 174
Ignarro, L. J., Byrns, R. E., Sumi, D., de Nigris, F., & Claudio Napoli, A. (2006) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2006.03.001 · Cited by 170
Tamme, T., Reinik, M., Roasto, M., Juhkam, K., Tenno, T., & Kiis, A. (2006) · Food Additives and Contaminants · doi:10.1080/02652030500482363 · Cited by 168
Gilchrist, M., Winyard, P. G., Fulford, J., Anning, C., Shore, A. C., & Benjamin, N. (2014) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2014.05.003 · Cited by 167
Sucu, Ç., & Turp, G. (2018) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.012 · Cited by 166
Rammos, C., Hendgen-Cotta, U. B., Sobierajski, J., Bernard, A., Kelm, M., & Rassaf, T. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.691 · Cited by 165 · cited 1×
“Findings from other clinical studies also suggest that dietary nitrates improve endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness in the elderly with moderately increased cardiovascular risk [77].”
Sindelar, J. J., Cordray, J. C., Sebranek, J. G., LOVE, J. A., & Ahn, D. U. (2007) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00404.x · Cited by 160
Coggan, A. R., Leibowitz, J. L., Kadkhodayan, A., Thomas, D. P., Ramamurthy, S., Spearie, C. A., Waller, S., Farmer, M., & Peterson, L. R. (2015) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.014 · Cited by 159
Montenegro, M. F., Amaral, J. H., Pinheiro, L. C., Sakamoto, E. K., Ferreira, G. C., Reis, R. I., Marçal, D. M. O., Pereira, R. P., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.005 · Cited by 152
Herrmann, S. S., Duedahl‐Olesen, L., & Granby, K. (2014) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.030 · Cited by 151
Calcerrada, P., Peluffo, G., & Radí, R. (2011) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161211798357719 · Cited by 141
Evaluation of nitrate and nitrite contents in pickled fruit and vegetable products
Ding, Z., Johanningsmeier, S. D., Price, R., Reynolds, R., Truong, V., Payton, S. C., & Breidt, F. (2018) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.005 · Cited by 141
Coggan, A. R., Leibowitz, J. L., Spearie, C. A., Kadkhodayan, A., Thomas, D. P., Ramamurthy, S., Mahmood, K., Park, S., Waller, S., Farmer, M., et al. (2015) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002141 · Cited by 136
Berry, M. J., Justus, N. W., Hauser, J. I., Case, A. H., Helms, C. C., Basu, S., Rogers, Z., Lewis, M. T., & Miller, G. D. (2015) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2014.10.007 · Cited by 134
Inorganic nitrite and nitrate: evidence to support consideration as dietary nutrients
Bryan, N. S., & Ivy, J. L. (2015) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.001 · Cited by 131
L-Arginine is a precursor for nitrate biosynthesis in humans
Leaf, C. D., Wishnok, J. S., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1989) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(89)92325-5 · Cited by 129
DellaValle, C. T., Xiao, Q., Yang, G., Shu, X., Aschebrook‐Kilfoy, B., Zheng, W., Li, H. L., Ji, B., Rothman, N., Chow, W., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28612 · Cited by 127
Hammes, W. P. (2011) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2011.06.016 · Cited by 118
Griesenbeck, J. S., Steck, M. D., Huber, J. C., Sharkey, J. R., René, A. A., & Brender, J. D. (2009) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-16 · Cited by 115
Nitrated fatty acids: Mechanisms of formation, chemical characterization, and biological properties
Trostchansky, A., & Rubbo, H. (2008) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.006 · Cited by 114
From Nitrate to Nitric Oxide: The Role of Salivary Glands and Oral Bacteria
Qu, X. M., Wu, Z. F., Pang, B. X., Jin, L. Y., Qin, L. Z., & Wang, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034516673019 · Cited by 110 · cited 1×
“Nitrates and nitrites in the human organism are partially excreted as well as circulating and reduced to nitrite and nitrogen oxides which ensures a nitrate‐nitrite‐NO balance [17,18].”
BackgroundAshworth, A., Mitchell, K., Blackwell, J. R., Vanhatalo, A., & Jones, A. M. (2015) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980015000038 · Cited by 109
d’Ischia, M., Napolitano, A., Manini, P., & Panzella, L. (2011) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx2003118 · Cited by 107
Assessment of dietary exposure of nitrate and nitrite in France
Menard, C., Heraud, F., Volatier, J.-L., & Leblanc, J.-C. (2008) · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · doi:10.1080/02652030801946561 · Cited by 105
Dietary Components Related to N -Nitroso Compound Formation: A Prospective Study of Adult Glioma
Dubrow, R., Darefsky, A. S., Park, Y., Mayne, S. T., Moore, S. C., Kilfoy, B. A., Cross, A. J., Sinha, R. R., Hollenbeck, A. R., Schatzkin, A. G., et al. (2010) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0225 · Cited by 103
Shephard, S. E., Schlatter, C., & Lutz, W. K. (1987) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0278-6915(87)90311-5 · Cited by 101
Zand, J., Lanza, F., Garg, H. K., & Bryan, N. S. (2011) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.008 · Cited by 101
Lunn, J., Kuhnle, G., Mai, V., Frankenfeld, C. L., Shuker, D. E. G., Glen, R. C., Goodman, J. M., Pollock, J. R. A., & Bingham, S. A. (2006) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl192 · Cited by 100
Partial replacement of nitrite by annatto as a colour additive in sausage
Zarringhalami, S., Sahari, M. A., & Hamidi-Esfehani, Z. (2008) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.08.003 · Cited by 96
Dietary nitrate improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in an animal model of hyperglycemia
Khalifi, S., Rahimipour, A., Jeddi, S., Ghanbari, M., Kazerouni, F., & Ghasemi, A. (2015) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2014.11.011 · Cited by 95
Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Ghasemi, A., Kabir, A., Azizi, F., & Hadaegh, F. (2015) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.002 · Cited by 95
The redox interplay between nitrite and nitric oxide: From the gut to the brain
Pereira, C., Ferreira, N. R., Rocha, B. S., Barbosa, R. M., & Laranjinha, J. (2013) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2013.04.004 · Cited by 92
Diet and vitamin or mineral supplements and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada
Hu, J., Mao, Y., & White, K. (2003) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1026310323882 · Cited by 91
Xie, L., Mo, M., Jia, H.-X., Liang, F., Yuan, J., & Zhu, J. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10917 · Cited by 86
Yang, T., Zhang, X., Tarnawski, L., Peleli, M., Zhuge, Z., Terrando, N., Harris, R. A., Olofsson, P. S., Larsson, E., Persson, A. E. G., et al. (2017) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.002 · Cited by 82
Bondonno, C. P., Blekkenhorst, L. C., Prince, R. L., Ivey, K. L., Lewis, J. R., Devine, A., Woodman, R. J., Lundberg, J. O., Croft, K. D., Thompson, P. L., et al. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.016844 · Cited by 81
de González, M. T. N., Osburn, W. N., Hardin, M. D., Longnecker, M. T., Garg, H. K., Bryan, N. S., & KEETON, J. T. (2015) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12858 · Cited by 79
Consistent antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of oral sodium nitrite in DOCA-salt hypertension
Amaral, J. H., Ferreira, G. C., Pinheiro, L. C., Montenegro, M. F., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2015) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.009 · Cited by 75
Ward, M. H., Heineman, E. F., Markin, R. S., & Weisenburger, D. D. (2008) · International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1179/oeh.2008.14.3.193 · Cited by 74
Thyroid cancer risk and dietary nitrate and nitrite intake in the Shanghai women's health study
Aschebrook‐Kilfoy, B., Shu, X., Gao, Y., Ji, B., Yang, G., Li, H. L., Rothman, N., Chow, W., Zheng, W., & Ward, M. H. (2012) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.27659 · Cited by 72
Roos, A. J. D., Ray, R. M., Gao, D. L., Wernli, K. J., Fitzgibbons, E. D., Ziding, F., Astrakianakis, G., Thomas, D. B., & Checkoway, H. (2005) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-005-0398-z · Cited by 67
Average daily nitrate and nitrite intake in the Belgian population older than 15 years
Temme, E. H. M., Vandevijvere, S., Vinkx, C., Huybrechts, I., Goeyens, L., & Oyen, H. J. V. (2011) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2011.584072 · Cited by 67
Production of a safe cured meat with low residual nitrite using nitrite substitutes
Huang, L., Zeng, X., Sun, Z., Wu, A., He, J., Dang, Y., & Pan, D. (2019) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108027 · Cited by 67
Nitrates, Nitrites and Nitrosamines from Processed Meat Intake and ColorectalCancer Risk
Cantwell, M. M., & Elliott, C. T. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.4172/2472-1921.100062 · Cited by 65
Quality characteristics of pork loin cured with green nitrite source and some organic acids
Kim, T., Hwang, K., Lee, M.-A., Paik, H., Kim, Y.-B., & Choi, Y. (2019) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.02.015 · Cited by 65
Food Groups and Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from a Case-Control Study
Grieb, S. M. D., Theis, R. P., Burr, D. L., Benardot, D., Siddiqui, T., & Asal, N. R. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.12.020 · Cited by 60
HECKE, T. V., Vossen, E., Hemeryck, L., Bussche, J. V., Vanhaecke, L., & SMET, S. D. (2015) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.029 · Cited by 57
Estimated dietary intake of nitrite and nitrate in Swedish children
Larsson, K., Darnerud, P. O., Ilbäck, N. ‐., & Merino, L. (2011) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2011.555842 · Cited by 52
Nitrosative modifications of protein and lipid signaling molecules by reactive nitrogen species
White, P. J., Charbonneau, A., Cooney, G. J., & Marette, A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00510.2010 · Cited by 49
Merino, L., Darnerud, P. O., Toldrá, F., & Ilbäck, N. (2016) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2015.1125530 · Cited by 45
Roila, R., Branciari, R., Staccini, B., Ranucci, D., Miraglia, D., Altissimi, M. S., Mercuri, M. L., & Haouet, N. (2018) · Italian Journal of Food Safety · doi:10.4081/ijfs.2018.7692 · Cited by 42
Ling, W. C., Mustafa, M. R., Vanhoutte, P. M., & Murugan, D. D. (2017) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2017.05.003 · Cited by 40
Bartsch, H., Pignatelli, B., Calmels, S., & Ohshima, H. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2984-2_3 · Cited by 36
Karwowska, M., & Dolatowski, Z. J. (2016) · Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences · doi:10.5713/ajas.16.0023 · Cited by 34
Self-citationLucarini, M., D’Evoli, L., Tufi, S., Gabrielli, P., Paoletti, S., Ferdinando, S. D., & Lombardi‐Boccia, G. (2011) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.5526 · Cited by 33
Kim, H. J., Lee, S. S., Choi, B. Y., & Kim, M. K. (2007) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635580701460554 · Cited by 32
Mechanisms and kinetics of tryptophan N-nitrosation in a gastro-intestinal model
Pomélie, D. D. L., Santé-Lhoutellier, V., & Gatellier, P. (2016) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.131 · Cited by 32
Dietary N-nitroso compounds and risk of pancreatic cancer: results from a large case–control study
Zheng, J., Stuff, J. E., Tang, H., Hassan, M. M., Daniel, C. R., & Li, D. (2018) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgy169 · Cited by 31
Cermak, N. M., Hansen, D., Kouw, I. W. K., van Dijk, J., Blackwell, J. R., JONES, A. M., Gibala, M. J., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2015) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.017 · Cited by 28
Prasad, S., & Chetty, A. A. (2011) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02346.x · Cited by 26
Carpes, S. T., Bianchin, M., Pereira, D., dos Reis, A. S., Almeida, J. D. F., Silva, L. D., & de Moura, C. (2017) · Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.19026/ajfst.13.5070 · Cited by 21
Biochemical Strategies to Counter Nitrosative Stress
Alhasawi, A. A., Legendre, F., Jagadeesan, S., Appanna, V. P., & Appanna, V. D. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814849-5.00010-1 · Cited by 19
Burnley-Hall, N., Abdul, F. B., Androshchuk, V., Morris, K., Ossei‐Gerning, N., Anderson, R. A., Rees, A., & James, P. E. (2018) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th17-06-0394 · Cited by 19
Kononiuk, A., & Karwowska, M. (2019) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108015 · Cited by 19
Self-citationCHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR SPECIFIC COMPONENTS | Curing Agents
Honikel, K. O. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384731-7.00059-3 · Cited by 10
Zastosowanie mleczanow do produkcji wyrobow drobiowych niezawierajacych dodatku azotanu [III] sodu
Gajowiecki, L., Kotowicz, M., Lachowicz, K., Dabrowski, W., Koronkiewicz, A., Żochowska‐Kujawska, J., Sobczak, M., & Zych, A. (2006) · Zywnosc-nauka Technologia Jakosc · Cited by 2
Nitrite and Nitrate in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Lavu, M., Gundewar, S., & Lefer, D. J. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-616-0_14 · Cited by 2
Nitrite and Nitrate in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Lefer, D. J., Bryan, N. S., & Organ, C. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46189-2_16 · Cited by 2
Ghasemi, A., & Gheibi, S. (2017) · Endocrine Abstracts · doi:10.1530/endoabs.49.ep615 · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Jira, 2004, Chemical reaction of curing and smoking-Part 1: Curing, Fleischwirtstchaft, 84, 235
- Kononiuk, 2019, Physicochemical, proteolytic and sensory changes during long-term storage of dry-fermented sausages made from fallow deer meat in comparison to beef, Food Technol. Sci. Qual., 26, 137
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gómez, I., Janardhanan, R., Ibañez, F., & Beriáin, M. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9101416 · Cited by 256
Nitrite and nitrate in meat processing: Functions and alternatives
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Jia, J., Peng, H., Qian, Q., Pan, Z., & Liu, D. (2023) · Current Research in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100470 · Cited by 210
Osorio-Reyes, J. G., Valenzuela-Amaro, H. M., Pizaña-Aranda, J. J. P., Ramírez-Gamboa, D., Meléndez-Sánchez, E. R., López-Arellanes, M. E., Castañeda-Antonio, D., Coronado-Apodaca, K. G., Araújo, R. G., Sosa‐Hernández, J. E., et al. (2023) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md21020093 · Cited by 166
Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species: Shaping Human Health and Disease Outcomes
Manful, C. F., Fordjour, E., Subramaniam, D., Sey, A. A., Abbey, L., & Thomas, R. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157520 · Cited by 193
Fraqueza, M. J., Laranjo, M., Elías, M., & Patarata, L. (2020) · Current Opinion in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.027 · Cited by 112
Metadata
- Authors
- Karwowska, M., & Kononiuk, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Karwowska, Małgorzata
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-03-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7139399
- OpenAlex
- W3010936819
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, dietary nitrite, nitrosative stress, nitric oxide, reactive nitrogen species, nitrosamines, processed meat, meat curing, nitrite alternatives, vegetables, nitrite metabolism, cardiovascular health, cancer risk
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
