Investigating Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Preventing the Foreign Body Response
Open accessAbstract
Implantable biomaterials represent the forefront of regenerative medicine, providing platforms and vessels for delivering a creative range of therapeutic benefits in diverse disease contexts. However, the chronic damage resulting from implant rejection tends to outweigh the intended healing benefits, presenting a considerable challenge when implementing treatment-based biomaterials. In response to implant rejection, proinflammatory macrophages and activated fibroblasts contribute to a synergistically destructive process of uncontrolled inflammation and excessive fibrosis. Understanding the complex biomaterial–host cell interactions that occur within the tissue microenvironment is crucial for the development of therapeutic biomaterials that promote tissue integration and minimize the foreign body response. Recent modifications of specific material properties enhance the immunomodulatory capabilities of the biomaterial and actively aid in taming the immune response by tuning interactions with the surrounding microenvironment either directly or indirectly. By incorporating modifications that amplify anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative mechanisms, biomaterials can be optimized to maximize their healing benefits in harmony with the host immune system.
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Long-term existence of PLCL in vivo did not produce toxic accumulation in other organs.
“At the same time, the long-term existence of PLCL in vivo did not produce toxic accumulation in other organs [33].”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
The Foreign Body Response section discusses reactions to other implanted materials, but does not address PLCL or accumulation in other organs. Searches for PLCL and for long-term toxic accumulation found no passage in our copy that supports the claim; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering
Zhao, Y., & Liu, H. (2026) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-026-07016-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“At the same time, the long-term existence of PLCL in vivo did not produce toxic accumulation in other organs [33].”
- Authors
- Kim, A., Downer, M. A., Berry, C. E., Valencia, C., Fazilat, A. Z., & Griffin, M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author
- Griffin, Michelle
- Venue
- Bioengineering
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-12-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1411
- ISSN
- 2306-5354 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10741225
- OpenAlex
- W4389573054
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioengineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- foreign body reaction, implant rejection, immunomodulatory biomaterials, macrophage polarization, fibroblast activation, inflammation, fibrosis, tissue integration, anti-inflammatory biomaterials, regenerative medicine
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