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Cited by 47Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsSphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling

Exploring the Dynamic Changes of Brain Lipids, Lipid Rafts, and Lipid Droplets in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Cerasuolo, Michele, Di Meo, Irene, Auriemma, Maria Chiara, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Papa, Michele, Rizzo, Maria Rosaria·2024·Biomolecules
DOI 10.3390/biom14111362PMC PMC11591903
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Abstract

Aging induces complex changes in the lipid profiles across different areas of the brain. These changes can affect the function of brain cells and may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Research shows that while the overall lipid profile in the human brain remains quite steady throughout adulthood, specific changes occur with age, especially after the age of 50. These changes include a slow decline in total lipid content and shifts in the composition of fatty acids, particularly in glycerophospholipids and cholesterol levels, which can vary depending on the brain region. Lipid rafts play a crucial role in maintaining membrane integrity and facilitating cellular signaling. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease, changes in the composition of lipid rafts have been associated with the development of the disease. For example, alterations in lipid raft composition can lead to increased accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, contributing to neurotoxic effects. Lipid droplets store neutral lipids and are key for cellular energy metabolism. As organisms age, the dynamics of lipid droplets in the brain change, with evidence suggesting a decline in metabolic activity over time. This reduced activity may lead to an imbalance in lipid synthesis and mobilization, contributing to neurodegenerative processes. In model organisms like Drosophila, studies have shown that lipid metabolism in the brain can be influenced by diet and insulin signaling pathways, crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. The interplay between lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation is critical in the context of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Lipid peroxidation, a consequence of oxidative stress, can lead to the formation of reactive aldehydes that further damage neurons. Inflammatory processes can also disrupt lipid metabolism, contributing to the pathology of AD. Consequently, the accumulation of oxidized lipids can affect lipid raft integrity, influencing signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and function.

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  • Blood-brain barrier defects have been previously reported in ApoE-knockout mice.

    “Furthermore, blood–brain barrier defects have been previously reported in ApoE-knockout mice [42].”

    From Dyslipidemia-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in the Brains Does Not Reach Pathological Levels in the ApoE-Knockout Mice (2026) · cites this paper as [42]

    Section 4.3 discusses impaired lipid transport without functional ApoE, but does not report blood–brain barrier defects in ApoE-knockout mice. The passages mentioning the blood–brain barrier in sections 2.1 and 4.1 concern lipid transport and cholesterol, not defects in those mice (searched: blood–brain barrier, ApoE knockout, and permeability). (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cerasuolo, M., Di Meo, I., Auriemma, M. C., Paolisso, G., Papa, M., & Rizzo, M. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
  • Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
  • Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Corresponding author
Rizzo, Maria Rosaria
ORCID
Venue
Biomolecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-10-26
Volume
14
Issue
11
Pages
1362
ISSN
2218-273X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biom14111362
PMC
PMC11591903
OpenAlex
W4403841679
Cited by
47
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 26
FWCI
2.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
Funders
Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Keywords
brain lipids, lipid rafts, lipid droplets, brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, fatty acid composition, glycerophospholipids, cholesterol, amyloid-beta, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, Drosophila, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms
Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Humans, Membrane Microdomains, Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Droplets

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