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Cited by 22Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates of Performance Monitoring and Development in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Liu, Yanni, Hanna, Gregory L., Hanna, Barbara S., Rough, Haley E., Arnold, Paul D., Gehring, William J.·2020·Brain Sciences
DOI 10.3390/brainsci10020079PMC PMC7071615
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Abstract

The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves deficits in performance monitoring and adaptive adjustments. Yet, the developmental trajectory and underlying neural correlates of performance monitoring deficits in youth with ADHD remain poorly understood. To address the gap, this study recruited 77 children and adolescents with ADHD and 77 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8–18 years, who performed an arrow flanker task during electroencephalogram recording. Compared to HC, participants with ADHD responded more slowly and showed larger reaction time variability (RTV) and reduced post-error slowing; they also exhibited reduced error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity effects, and reduced N2 and P3 congruency effects. Age effects were observed across groups: with increasing age, participants responded faster, with less variability, and with increased post-error slowing. They also exhibited increased ERN effects and increased N2 and P3 congruency effects. Increased RTV and reduced P3 amplitude in incongruent trials were associated with increased ADHD Problems Scale scores on the Child Behavior Checklist across groups. The altered behavioral and ERP responses in ADHD are consistent with the pattern associated with younger age across groups. Further research with a longitudinal design may determine specific aspects of developmental alteration and deficits in ADHD during performance monitoring.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Liu, Y., Hanna, G. L., Hanna, B. S., Rough, H. E., Arnold, P. D., & Gehring, W. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author
Liu, Yanni
ORCID
Venue
Brain Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-02-02
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
79
ISSN
2076-3425 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/brainsci10020079
PMC
PMC7071615
OpenAlex
W3003369528
Cited by
22
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3
FWCI
2.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH101493)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, performance monitoring, error-related negativity, error positivity, reaction time variability, post-error slowing, P300, N2 component, developmental trajectories, children and adolescents, EEG correlates

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