A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Event-related potentials
Abstract
Objective This article reviews the event-related potential (ERP) literature in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD).Methods ERP studies exploring various aspects of brain functioning in AD/HD are reviewed, ranging from early preparatory processes to a focus on the auditory and visual attention systems, and the frontal inhibition system. Implications of these data for future research and development in AD/HD are considered.Results A complex range of ERP deficits has been associated with the disorder. Differences have been reported in preparatory responses, such as the contingent negative variation. In the auditory modality, AD/HD-related differences are apparent in all components from the auditory brain-stem response to the late slow wave. The most robust of these is the reduced posterior P3 in the auditory oddball task. There are fewer studies of the visual attention system, but similar differences are reported in a range of components. Results suggesting an inhibitory processing deficit have been reported, with recent studies of the frontal inhibitory system indicating problems of inhibitory regulation.Conclusions The research to date has identified a substantial number of ERP correlates of AD/HD. Together with the robust AD/HD differences apparent in the EEG literature, these data offer potential to improve our understanding of the specific brain dysfunction(s) which result in the disorder. Increased focus on the temporal locus of the information processing deficit(s) underlying the observed range of ERP differences is recommended. Further work in this field may benefit from a broader conceptual approach, integrating EEG and ERP measures of brain function.
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Diminished neural responses in children with ADHD are consistent with previous literature reporting impairment in attentional predictive error and increased switching costs to unexpected events.
“Diminished neural responses in children with ADHD are consistent with previous literature reporting impairment in attentional predictive error (Barry et al., 2003; Senderecka et al., 2012) and increased switching costs to unexpected events (Gumenyuk et al., 2005).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Barry et al., 2003
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“Diminished neural responses in children with ADHD are consistent with previous literature reporting impairment in attentional predictive error (Barry et al., 2003; Senderecka et al., 2012) and increased switching costs to unexpected events (Gumenyuk et al., 2005).”
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- Authors
- Barry, R. J., Johnstone, S. J., & Clarke, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Barry, Robert J
- Venue
- Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 184-198
- ISSN
- 1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970369406
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, event-related potentials, contingent negative variation, P300, auditory oddball paradigm, auditory attention, visual attention, brain dysfunction, EEG correlates
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Evoked Potentials, Humans
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