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Targeting the Cation-Chloride Co-Transporter NKCC1 to Re-Establish GABAergic Inhibition and an Appropriate Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance in Selective Neuronal Circuits: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Capsoni, Simona, Arisi, Ivan, Malerba, Francesca, D’Onofrio, Mara, Cattaneo, Antonino, Cherubini, Enrico·2022·Brain Sciences
DOI 10.3390/brainsci12060783PMC PMC9221351
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Abstract

GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, depolarizes and excites immature neurons because of an initially higher intracellular chloride concentration [Cl−]i due to the delayed expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 at birth. Depolarization-induced calcium rise via NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels is instrumental in shaping neuronal circuits and in controlling the excitatory (E)/inhibitory (I) balance in selective brain areas. An E/I imbalance accounts for cognitive impairment observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize recent data on the mechanisms by which alterations of GABAergic signaling alter the E/I balance in cortical and hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the role of cation-chloride co-transporters in this process. In particular, we discuss the NGF and AD relationship and how mice engineered to express recombinant neutralizing anti-NGF antibodies (AD11 mice), which develop a neurodegenerative pathology reminiscent of that observed in AD patients, exhibit a depolarizing action of GABA due to KCC2 impairment. Treating AD and other forms of dementia with bumetanide, a selective NKCC1 antagonist, contributes to re-establishing a proper E/I balance in selective brain areas, leading to amelioration of AD symptoms and the slowing down of disease progression.

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Metadata

Authors
Capsoni, S., Arisi, I., Malerba, F., D’Onofrio, M., Cattaneo, A., & Cherubini, E.
Venue
Brain Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-06-15
Volume
12
Issue
6
Pages
783
ISSN
2076-3425
DOI
10.3390/brainsci12060783
PMC
PMC9221351
Cited by
18
References
12
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Telethon (GGP 16083, FOE D.M 865/2019, MADIA no. 732678)
  • Fondo Ordinario Enti (GGP 16083, FOE D.M 865/2019, MADIA no. 732678)
  • European Commission (GGP 16083, FOE D.M 865/2019, MADIA no. 732678)
  • Regione Lazio, Italy, POR (Operative Program Lazio Region, Italy) FESR (European Program Regional Development) 2014–2020 (GGP 16083, FOE D.M 865/2019, MADIA no. 732678)

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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