ChatGPT in Teaching and Learning: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has raised questions about the implications of ChatGPT for teaching and learning. A systematic literature review was conducted to answer these questions, analyzing 112 scholarly articles to identify the potential benefits and challenges related to ChatGPT use in educational settings. The selection process was thorough to ensure a comprehensive analysis of the current academic discourse on AI tools in education. Our research sheds light on the significant impact of ChatGPT on improving student engagement and accessibility and the critical issues that need to be considered, including concerns about the quality and bias of generated responses, the risk of plagiarism, and the authenticity of educational content. The study aims to summarize the utilizations of ChatGPT in teaching and learning by addressing the identified benefits and challenges through targeted strategies. The authors outlined some recommendations that will ensure that the integration of ChatGPT into educational frameworks enhances learning outcomes while safeguarding academic standards.
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GenAI tools rely on large language models, which use advanced algorithms capable of understanding, processing, and producing natural language output.
“These tools rely on large language models, which use advanced algorithms capable of understanding, processing, and producing natural language output”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
GenAI can perform educational tasks including developing quizzes and other assessments, automating essay grading, providing personalized tutoring, and summarizing academic content.
“enabling GenAI to perform educational tasks including developing quizzes and other assessments, automating essay grading, providing personalized tutoring, and summarizing academic content”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
Bias is inherent in GenAI training datasets, which can compound issues with misleading information.
“bias is inherent in GenAI training datasets, which can compound issues with misleading information.”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
Student overreliance can diminish or even hinder students' critical thinking skills, creativity, and ability to engage in problem solving.
“Student overreliance can diminish or even hinder students' critical thinking skills, creativity, and ability to engage in problem solving”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
Immediate and personalized feedback has been identified as one of the significant advantages of GenAI tools.
“Immediate and personalized feedback has been identified as one of the significant advantages of GenAI tools.”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
This limitation has the potential to reinforce harmful stereotypes and inaccurate representations of groups who are already misrepresented.
“This limitation has the potential to reinforce harmful stereotypes and inaccurate representations of groups who are already misrepresented”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
Real-time responses provided by these tools facilitate active engagement and enhance the understanding of complex concepts, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of learning processes.
“Real-time responses provided by these tools facilitate active engagement and enhance the understanding of complex concepts, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of learning processes”
From Exploring the Role of Generative AI as a Research Assistant in Undergraduate Sociology Research Methods (2026) · cites this paper as Ali et al., 2024
This may be attributed to its inherent strengths, in that ChatGPT excels at providing clear explanations for a wide range of problems, whether establishing simple correspondences between geometric structures and algebraic equations or explaining complex scientific concepts.
“This may be attributed to its inherent strengths, in that ChatGPT excels at providing clear explanations for a wide range of problems, whether establishing simple correspondences between geometric structures and algebraic equations (Poola and Božić, 2023) or explaining complex scientific concepts (Ali et al. 2024).”
From RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Ali et al. 2024
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Does ChatGPT enhance student learning? A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
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“This cautionary note is consistent with findings by Idrisov and Schlippe [15] and Ali et al. [27], who noted that while AI tools can be beneficial, their impact varies and must be evaluated in broader contexts.”
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Yaqin, L. N., Yusof, B., Yusof, N., & Damit, A. R. (2025) · Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan e-Saintika · doi:10.36312/e-saintika.v9i1.2584
ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ GPT В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ: ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ РАКУРС.Preprint
Лукинова, П. (2025) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3113468
Hegazy, A. Z. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies · doi:10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.7049
A Descriptive Bibliometric Analysis and Review of ChatGPT in Programming Education
Hernandez, H. E., Nacianceno, M. C. B., Canlas, R. B., Loyola, L. G., Salenga, J. L., Yambao, J. A., Grume, J. C., Austria, J. A. P., & Miranda, J. P. P. (2025) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste64638.2025.11091950
The Academic Impact of ChatGPT: Insights from Researchers, Students, and Educators
Khan, A. Q., & Rani, A. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00071-2_11
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Perceptions of ChatGPT: An Exploratory Study in Higher Education
Morales, J., Silva-Aravena, F., Cornide-Reyes, H., & Muñoz, G. (2025) · International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) · doi:10.1109/sccc67219.2025.11420797
Tapia-Sobarzo, J., Peters, B., Puraivan, E., Rodríguez, M., Gamboa, M. A., & Hervás-Gómez, C. (2025) · International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) · doi:10.1109/sccc67219.2025.11420529
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Fulminar, L. P. (2026) · Physics Education · doi:10.1088/1361-6552/ae4c11
- Authors
- Ali, D., Fatemi, Y., Boskabadi, E., Nikfar, M., Ugwuoke, J., & Ali, H.
- Affiliations
- California Polytechnic State University (US)
- Auburn University (US)
- Le Moyne College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ali, Haneen
- Venue
- Education Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-06-14
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 643
- ISSN
- 2227-7102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4399680691
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 11
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Education Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, artificial intelligence in education, student engagement, accessibility, plagiarism, response bias, academic integrity, learning outcomes
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