Cited by 73Microbial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionBiochemical and biochemical processesMicrobial bioremediation and biosurfactants

Unlocking the Potential of Fermentation in Cosmetics: A Review

Open access
Pérez-Rivero, Cristina, López-Gómez, José Pablo·2023·Fermentation

Abstract

The cosmetic segment is a rapidly growing industry that has been challenged in recent years due to the origin and impact of its ingredients and manufacturing techniques. With a focus on reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving the degradability of products, many conventional ingredients are being dismissed to meet more exigent regulations and consumer ethical demands. Biotechnology, and fermentation as the core technology, is a solution to support and drive more sustainable growth for the cosmetic industry. This review presents the latest research and development in fermentation applied to cosmetics and showcases multiple examples throughout all classes of ingredients: from functional compounds, such as oil and surfactants, to multi-faceted molecules with a wide spectrum of formulations and skin benefits derived from their emulsifying, antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. The bottlenecks associated with the commercialization of such ingredients, together with successful examples, are also discussed. The shift towards a bio-based beauty industry requires a combination of technical, regulatory and marketing efforts. Fermentation strategies to better utilize low-cost substrates and optimize microorganisms and processes will reduce overall costs, reducing the price gap with traditional methods of production. The testing, standardization and regulation of these new ingredients need to catch up with the fast research happening in the field. Finally, consumer communication is key to achieve a successful introduction of biotech ingredients in the market.

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Crossref · 10.3390/fermentation9050463

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  • There are already examples of collaboration between the food industry and cosmetic manufacturers which promote the circular economy and reducing agri-food waste.

    “Nevertheless, according to the literature review by Pérez-Rivero et al. there are already examples of collaboration between the food industry and cosmetic manufactures which promote the circular economy and reducing agri-food waste [27].”

    From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]

    Section 4.2 (Fatty Acids; page unavailable) reports that NoPalm Ingredients uses agricultural waste and has a collaboration agreement with Colgate-Palmolive. It also describes support from the Doehler group for a company making ingredients from food waste for food and cosmetics. These examples support the waste-reduction and cross-sector theme, but the passage does not explicitly identify a collaboration directly between a food-industry company and a cosmetic manufacturer. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Fermentation-derived ingredients use renewable substrates, require mild processing conditions, reduce waste, and yield biodegradable products compared to conventional chemical synthesis.

    “First of all, the fermentation process uses renewable sources as substrates and requires mild processing conditions. Moreover, it reduces waste, and the obtained products are biodegradable [27,99].”

    From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]

    Section 1 states that fermentation uses renewable feedstocks and normally mild operating conditions, giving it a lower environmental footprint than conventional petrochemical synthesis. Section 1 also says feedstocks can include other industries’ wastes, and Section 6 identifies biodegradable biosurfactants. The review does not establish that fermentation generally reduces waste or that all resulting products are biodegradable compared with chemically synthesized products. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Fermented red ginseng with Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae has anti-wrinkle, skincare, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergenic properties.

    “Red ginseng Lactobacillus brevis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Anti-wrinkle, skincare, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic [27,151]”

    From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [27]

    Section 8.2.1 (Ginseng; page unavailable) reports skincare-related activity and reduced irritation and sensitizing potential for red ginseng fermented with L. brevis. It attributes anti-wrinkle activity to black ginseng fermented with S. cerevisiae, not red ginseng, and does not report an anti-inflammatory effect for either preparation. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • During fermentation, bacteria and yeast metabolites such as malic, fumaric, and citric acids are formed; these are Krebs cycle intermediates and act as rapid energy substrates for skin-cell mitochondria.

    “During the fermentation process, metabolites of bacteria and yeast are formed, such as malic, fumaric, and citric acids, which are intermediates in the Krebs cycle and act as rapid energy substrates for skin-cell mitochondria [27].”
  • Microbial processing of food waste requires renewable feedstock such as biomass and mild temperature and pressure conditions, giving a lower environmental footprint than conventional chemical synthesis.

    “It needs renewable feedstock, such as biomass, and requires mild conditions of temperature and pressure to carry out the process, giving a lower environmental footprint than conventional chemical synthesis [27].”

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 10

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  3. Gagliardi, L.; Dorato, S. General Concepts. Current Legislation on Cosmetics in Different Countries. In Analysis of Cosmetic Products; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2007; pp. 3-28. [CrossRef] · DOI
  4. Vandamme, E.J.; Soetaert, W. Personal Care Products via Fermentation and Biocatalysis Processes. In Biotechnology in Personal Care, 1st ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2006; pp. 27-56.
  5. Wynn, J.P.; Ratledge, C. Microbial oils: Production, processing and markets for specialty long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Long-Chain Omega-3 Specialty Oils; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2012; pp. 43-76. [CrossRef] · DOI
  6. Castro, A.R.; Cavaleiro, A.J.; Pereira, M.A. Oil and Hydrocarbon-Producing Bacteria. In Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2019; pp. 471-487. [CrossRef] · DOI
  7. Delcourt, M.; Rocle, R. Hydrocarbons produced by industrial biology: Global Bioenergies' background and prospects. Real. Ind. 2017, 48, 44-47. Available online: https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:48079411 (accessed on 5 April 2023).
  8. Thum, O.; Oxenboll, K.M. Biocatalysis-A Sustainable Method for the Production of Emollient Esters. SÖFW J. 2008, 134, 44-47.
  9. ŠMejkalová, D.; Huerta Angeles, G.; Ehlova, T. Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic Acid): A natural moisturizer for skincare. In Harry's, 9th ed.; Chen, C.W., Ed.; Chemical Publishing Company: Palm Springs, CA, USA, 2015; pp. 605-622.
  10. Pacheco, R.; Huston, K. Life cycle assesment (LCA) of naturally-sourced and petroleum-based glycols commonly used in personal care products. SOFW J. 2018, 144, 12-15.

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Authors
Pérez-Rivero, C., & López-Gómez, J. P.
Affiliations
National Center for Biotechnological Innovations of Costa Rica (CENIBiot), National Center of High Technology (CeNAT), San Jose 1174-1200, Costa Rica
Venue
Fermentation
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-05-12
Volume
9
Issue
5
Pages
463
ISSN
2311-5637 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4376273313
Cited by
73
References
197
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Fermentation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Biochemical and biochemical processes
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
Keywords
cosmetics, biotechnology, sustainable cosmetics, surfactants, emulsifiers, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, skin care, low-cost substrates, commercialization, customer communication

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