Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications

De Luca, Maria; Pappalardo, Ilaria; Limongi, Antonina Rita; Viviano, Emanuele; Radice, Rosa Paola; Todisco, Simona; Martelli, Giuseppe; Infantino, Vittoria; Vassallo, Antonio

doi:10.3390/cosmetics8020052

Cited by 147Algal biology and biofuel productionSeaweed-derived Bioactive CompoundsLipid metabolism and biosynthesis

Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications

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De Luca, Maria, Pappalardo, Ilaria, Limongi, Antonina Rita, Viviano, Emanuele, Radice, Rosa Paola, Todisco, Simona, Martelli, Giuseppe, Infantino, Vittoria +1 more·2021·Cosmetics

DOI 10.3390/cosmetics8020052

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Abstract

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several microalgal species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities and therefore are characterized as oleaginous. In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients. Different lipid classes are great moisturizing, emollient, and softening agents, work as surfactants and emulsifiers, give consistence to products, are color and fragrance carriers, act as preservatives to maintain products integrity, and can be part of the molecules delivery system. In the past, chemicals have been widely used but today’s market and customers’ demands are oriented towards natural products. Microalgae are an extraordinary source of lipids and other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention to microalgae cultivation for their industrial application is increasing. For the high costs associated, commercialization of microalgae and their products is still not very widespread. The possibility to use biomass for various industrial purposes could make microalgae more economically competitive.

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Microalgal lipids play a crucial role in cosmetics, serving various functions including moisturizing agents, emollients, surfactants, emulsifiers, texturizers, color and fragrance carriers, preservative carriers, and bioactive ingredients.
“Microalgal lipids play a crucial role in cosmetics, serving various functions [58,61]. They are used as moisturizing agents, emollients, surfactants, emulsifiers, texturizers, color and fragrance carriers, preservative carriers, and bioactive ingredients.”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
The Abstract and §3, “Lipids for Cosmetic Uses,” describe the listed cosmetic functions of lipids, and the paper identifies microalgae as a source of those lipids. But those passages describe lipids generally, not established use of microalgal lipids in every listed role. The Abstract also says commercialization of microalgal products is not yet widespread, so “play a crucial role” overstates their current use. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Due to their valuable chemical composition, microalgae have several commercial applications today, including increasing the nutritional value of food and animal feed, playing an essential role in aquaculture, and the manufacturing of cosmetics.
“Due to their valuable chemical composition, microalgae have several commercial applications today, including (i) increasing the nutritional value of food and animal feed, (ii) playing an essential role in aquaculture, and (iii) the manufacturing of cosmetics [19,79,80].”
From Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae (2024) · cites this paper as [79]

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Review on Microalgae Cultivation and Harvesting, and Their Biomass Extraction Processing Using Ionic Liquids
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BackgroundMethod
Comparison between extraction of lipids and fatty acids from microalgal biomass
Grima, E. M., Medina, A. R., Giménez, A. G., Pérez, J. A. S., García-Camacho, F., & Sánchez, J. L. G. (1994) · Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society · doi:10.1007/bf02542261 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Applications for Marine Resources in Cosmetics
Guillerme, J.-B., Couteau, C., & Coiffard, L. J. M. (2017) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics4030035 · Cited by 172 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cosmetics clean, perfume, protect or modify the appearance of the part of the human body where they are differently applied by rubbing, pouring, and spraying, such as epidermis, hair, nails, lips, external genital organs, teeth, mucous membranes of the oral cavity [34].”
Background
Biodiesels from microbial oils: Opportunity and challenges
Ma, Y., Gao, Z., Wang, Q., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.028 · Cited by 172 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In the first stage, the algae are cultivated under optimum conditions to promptly achieve an optimal cell density, in the second stage, cultivation conditions are changed to trigger the accumulation of lipids [59,63,64,66].”
Background
Biosurfactants in cosmetics and biopharmaceuticals
Varvaresou, A., & Iakovou, K. (2015) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/lam.12440 · Cited by 171 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids are the most known glycolipids with application to cosmetics and pharmaceutical technology [53,54].”
Background
Marine Biosurfactants: Biosynthesis, Structural Diversity and Biotechnological Applications
Kubicki, S., Bollinger, A., Katzke, N., Jaeger, K., Loeschcke, A., & Thies, S. (2019) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md17070408 · Cited by 161 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, they exhibit low eco-toxicity about excellent biological degradability preventing environmental accumulation [98].”
Background
An Overview of Current Pretreatment Methods Used to Improve Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Microorganisms
Patel, A., Mikes, F., & Μάτσακας, Λ. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23071562 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Seaweeds Compounds: An Ecosustainable Source of Cosmetic Ingredients?
Morais, T., Cotas, J., Pacheco, D., & Pereira, L. (2021) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics8010008 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Tutorial on lipidomics
Wang, J., Wang, C., & Han, X. (2019) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.043 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Review on integrated biofuel production from microalgal biomass through the outset of transesterification route: a cascade approach for sustainable bioenergy
Karpagam, R., Jawaharraj, K., & Gnanam, R. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144236 · Cited by 146 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They are responsible for energy storage in the cells [20,122] and their industrial application mainly concerns biofuel production [63,123,124].”
Background
Hierarchical zeolites as catalysts for biodiesel production from Nannochloropsis microalga oil
Carrero, A., Vicente, G., Rodrı́guez, R., Linares, M., & del Peso, G. L. (2010) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2010.11.058 · Cited by 145 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In literature, we found few studies that described their presence in microalgae [139,140].”
Background
New horizons in culture and valorization of red microalgae
Gaignard, C., Gargouch, N., Dubessay, P., Delattre, C., Pierre, G., Laroche, C., Fendri, I., Abdelkafi, S., & Michaud, P. (2018) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.014 · Cited by 143 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For these reasons, the mass culture and commercial production of microalgae have strengthened in the last few years but their industrial exploitation is at its early stages [4,6].”
Background
Reassessment of lipid composition of the diatom, Skeletonema costatum
Bergé, J. P. (1995) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)00156-n · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Contribution of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Flavonoids to the Antioxidative Properties of Marine Microalgae Isolated from Mediterranean Morocco
Haoujar, I., Cacciola, F., Abrini, J., Mangraviti, D., Giuffrida, D., Majdoub, Y. O. E., Kounnoun, A., Miceli, N., Taviano, M. F., Mondello, L., et al. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24224037 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Marine Cryptophytes Are Great Sources of EPA and DHA
Peltomaa, E., Johnson, M., & Taipale, S. (2017) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md16010003 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
High-value bioproducts from microalgae: Strategies and progress
Liang, M., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Zhu, J., & Jiang, J. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1455030 · Cited by 137 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Although there are still numerous issues to be resolved in order to extend the production of lipids from microalgae on a large scale, microalgae are a promising sustainable resource for lipids and many other bioactive molecules production [16,59,64,65].”
BackgroundMethod
Prevention of Cardiovascular Events with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Mechanism Involved
Watanabe, Y., & Tatsuno, I. (2019) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.50658 · Cited by 132 · cited 1× · see citing works
“EPA and DHA (Figure 1) are the most valuable ones: They are associated with the reduction of complications in hypertension and show significant hypolipidemic activity, to reduce triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [85,107,108].”
Background
Skin Safety and Health Prevention: an Overview of Chemicals in Cosmetic Products
Panìco, A., Serio, F., Bagordo, F., Grassi, T., Idolo, A., De Giorgi, M., Guido, M., Congedo, M., & De Donno, A. (2018) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.1.1080 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Metabolites from Macroalgae and Its Applications in the Cosmetic Industry: A Circular Economy Approach
Lourenço‐Lopes, C., Fraga‐Corral, M., Jiménez-López, C., Pereira, A. G., Garcia‐Oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Prieto, M. A., & Simal‐Gándara, J. (2020) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources9090101 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Potential of New Isolates of Dunaliella Salina for Natural β-Carotene Production
Xu, Y., Ibrahim, I. M., Wosu, C. I., Ben‐Amotz, A., & Harvey, P. J. (2018) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology7010014 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Microalgae Potential and Multiple Roles—Current Progress and Future Prospects—An Overview
Ravindran, B., Gupta, S. K., Cho, W.-M., Kim, J., Lee, S., Jeong, K.-H., Lee, D., & Choi, H.-C. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8121215 · Cited by 124 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They typically have a high carbohydrates content and other valuable compounds such as vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals [13].”
Background
Microalgal carotenoids and phytosterols regulate biochemical mechanisms involved in human health and disease prevention
Le Goff, M., Le Ferrec, E., Mayer, C., Mimouni, V., Lagadic-Gossmann, D., Schoefs, B., & Ulmann, L. (2019) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.012 · Cited by 123 · cited 1× · see citing works
“have been identified as the highest phytosterol producers, but other studies on the phytosterols content are done in different microalgae species and classes [88].”
Background
Multilateral Approach on Enhancing Economic Viability of Lipid Production from Microalgae: A Review
Shin, Y. S., Choi, H. I., Choi, J. W., Lee, J. S., Sung, Y. J., & Sim, S. J. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.002 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Improving lipid production by strain development in microalgae: Strategies, challenges and perspectives
Park, S., Nguyen, T., & Jin, E. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121953 · Cited by 121 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Molecular approaches include random mutagenesis, genetic engineering including genome editing, and metabolic pathway engineering [59,67,68].”
Method
Enhancement of photosynthetic capacity in Euglena gracilis by expression of cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase leads to increases in biomass and wax ester production
Ogawa, T., Tamoi, M., Kimura, A., Mine, A., Sakuyama, H., Yoshida, E., Maruta, T., Suzuki, K., Ishikawa, T., & Shigeoka, S. (2015) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0264-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Analysis of Scientific Research Driving Microalgae Market Opportunities in Europe
Rumin, J., Nicolau, É., Júnior, R. G. D. O., Fuentes-Grünewald, C., & Picot, L. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18050264 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Anti-cancer activities of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Qian, S. Y., & Xu, Y. (2014) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.4103/2319-4170.131378 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Algae as an Attractive Source for Cosmetics to Counter Environmental Stress
Aslam, A., Bahadar, A., Liaquat, R., Saleem, M., Waqas, A., & Zwawi, M. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144905 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Evaluation of FAME production from wet marine and freshwater microalgae by in situ transesterification
Velasquez‐Orta, S. B., Lee, J. G. M., & Harvey, A. (2013) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.003 · Cited by 104 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In literature, we found few studies that described their presence in microalgae [139,140].”
Background
(Bio)Technological Aspects of Microalgae Pigments for Cosmetics
Morocho-Jácome, A. L., Ruscinc, N., Martinez, R. M., de Carvalho, J. C. M., Santos de Almeida, T., Rosado, C., Costa, J. G., Velasco, M. V. R., & Baby, A. R. (2020) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10936-x · Cited by 104 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Pigments are examples of lipid colorful molecules for industrial applications [48].”
BackgroundInfluential
Efficient selective breeding of live oil-rich Euglena gracilis with fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Yamada, K., Suzuki, H., Takeuchi, T., Kazama, Y., Mitra, S., Abe, T., Goda, K., Suzuki, K., & Iwata, O. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26327 · Cited by 103 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Euglena gracilis is a microalga that accumulates a high amount of wax-ester as a by-product of the degradation process of storage polysaccharides, useful today for biofuel production but they could also prove helpful in cosmetics [89,117,118].”
Background
Innovative Microalgae Pigments as Functional Ingredients in Nutrition
Christaki, E. V., Bonos, E., & Florou-Paneri, P. C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00014-5 · Cited by 103 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The second are accumulated in the cytoplasm and have only a photo-protective function [130].”
Background
Microalgal Classification
Heimann, K., & Huerlimann, R. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00003-0 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Sterols in Microalgae
Volkman, J. K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_19 · Cited by 100 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Current industrial sources for phytosterols are tall oil and vegetable oils but microalgae are an alternative source [29,127].”
Background
Lipidomics: Current state of the art in a fast moving field
O’Donnell, V. B., Ekroos, K., Liebisch, G., & Wakelam, M. J. O. (2019) · WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1002/wsbm.1466 · Cited by 97 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Lipidomics is used to describe the complete lipid profiles and networks of cellular lipid metabolism within a cell, tissue or a biological system, and provides a powerful tool to quantify the changes in individual lipids that may help reveal lipid biomarkers in diseases, for example [24,25].”
Method
Biobased Surfactants: Overview and Industrial State of the Art
Hayes, D. G., & Smith, G. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812705-6.00001-0 · Cited by 95 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In the cosmetic field, the fatty acyls group from oil seeds serve as the principal bio-based surfactant feedstock [97].”
Background
An Introduction to Microalgae
Singh, J., & Saxena, R. C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00002-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Review of data on the dermal penetration of mineral oils and waxes used in cosmetic applications
Petry, T. W., Bury, D., Fautz, R., Hauser, M., Huber, B., Markowetz, A., Mishra, S., Rettinger, K., Schuh, W., & Teichert, T. (2017) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.899 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Cultivated microalgae and the carotenoid fucoxanthin from Odontella aurita as potent anti-proliferative agents in bronchopulmonary and epithelial cell lines
Moreau, D., Tomasoni, C., Jacquot, C., Kaas, R., Guédès, R. L., Cadoret, J., Muller‐Feuga, A., Kontiza, I., Vagias, C., Roussis, V., et al. (2006) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2006.01.004 · Cited by 87 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In addition, PUFAs showed an antiproliferative effect on epithelial and bronchopulmonary cell cultures and improved glycogenesis in diabetic mice [111].”
Background
A review of fatty acids influencing skin condition
Yang, M., Zhou, M., & Song, L. (2020) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.13616 · Cited by 86 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In addition, FAs are skin components as an important player in the maintenance of normal skin barrier function [99].”
Background
Advances in metabolic modeling of oleaginous microalgae
Tibocha-Bonilla, J. D., Zuñiga, C., Godoy-Silva, R. D., & Zengler, K. (2018) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1244-3 · Cited by 84 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Genera of microalgae used for biofuel production are Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Synechocystis, Tetraselmis, Monoraphidium, Ostreococcus, Tisochrysis, and Phaeodactylum [32].”
Background
Carotenoids in human skin
Zerres, S., & Stahl, W. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158588 · Cited by 84 · cited 2× · see citing works
“These rings are either oxygenated or non-oxygenated and distinguish carotenoids between xanthophylls and carotenes, respectively [20,94].”
Background
The Dark Side of Microalgae Biotechnology: A Heterotrophic Biorefinery Platform Directed to ω-3 Rich Lipid Production
da Silva, T. L., Moniz, P., Silva, C., & dos Reis, A. J. D. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7120670 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects
Alves, E., Dias, M. O. S., Lopes, D., Almeida, A., Domingues, M. R., & Rey, F. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9080441 · Cited by 82 · cited 3× · see citing works
“It must be pecified that several studies i entifi d glycolipid fractions from algae having an antimicrobial activity e en if o ly a few o these av been able to isolate and chara terize the main olecular species responsible for this act vity [126].”
BackgroundInfluential
Fatty Acid and Lipid Class Composition of the Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Yang, Y., Du, L., Hosokawa, M., Miyashita, K., Kokubun, Y., Arai, H., & Taroda, H. (2017) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.ess16205 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Plant oils: From chemical composition to encapsulated form use
Lammari, N., Louaer, O., Meniai, A. H., Fessi, H., & Elaı̈ssari, A. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120538 · Cited by 67 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The addition of antioxidant or encapsulation strategies are techniques commonly employed for lipid molecules stabilization [28].”
Method
Lipids and Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents
Thormar, H. (2011) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Microalgae for Enhanced Co-Production of Multiple Compounds
Ma, R., Wang, B., Chua, E. T., Zhao, X., Lu, K., Ho, S., Shi, X., Liu, L., Xie, Y., Lu, Y., et al. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18090467 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Microalgae-derived oxylipins decrease inflammatory mediators by regulating the subcellular location of NFκB and PPAR-γ
Ávila‐Román, J., Talero, E., Reyes, C. D. L., García‐Mauriño, S., & Motilva, V. (2017) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Oxylipins from the microalgae Chlamydomonas debaryana and Nannochloropsis gaditana and their activity as TNF-α inhibitors
Reyes, C. D. L., Ávila‐Román, J., Ortega, M. J., de la Jara, A., García‐Mauriño, S., Motilva, V., & Zubı́a, E. (2014) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.011 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mineral oils and waxes in cosmetics: an overview mainly based on the current European regulations and the safety profile of these compounds
Chuberre, B., Araviiskaia, E., Bieber, T. R. M., & Barbaud, A. M. (2019) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.15946 · Cited by 61 · cited 1× · see citing works
“oils are non-allergenic, are highly stable, and not susceptible to oxidation or rancidity [37].”
Background
Toxicity of the cosmetic preservatives parabens, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin on human meibomian gland epithelial cells
Wang, J., Liu, Y., Kam, W. R., Li, Y., & Sullivan, D. A. (2020) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108057 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The potential of quantitative models to improve microalgae photosynthetic efficiency
Perin, G., Bellan, A., Bernardi, A., Bezzo, F., & Morosinotto, T. (2018) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.12915 · Cited by 56 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The second are less complex and require a lower capital investment, indeed microalgae are exposed to full sunlight and cultivated at high concentrations to maximize biomass productivity [11,61].”
Background
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Molino, A., Larocca, V., Sanzo, G. D., Martino, M., Casella, P., Marino, T., Karatza, D., & Musmarra, D. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24040782 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other environment-friendly technologies over other conventional methods are supercritical fluid extraction [84], generally using carbon dioxide, and extraction with ionic liquids [12] that are considered as green, non-aqueous salt solutions, which contain both anions and cations.”
Background
Phycocosmetics and Other Marine Cosmetics, Specific Cosmetics Formulated Using Marine Resources
Couteau, C., & Coiffard, L. J. M. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18060322 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They are stable and homogenized mixtures of substances, resulting from an exact combination of active principles, excipients, and additives that are respectively the ingredients responsible for the asserted cosmetic activity, the substances ensuring the desired pharmaceutical dosage form, and the substances added to p…”
Background
Application of chemicals for enhancing lipid production in microalgae-a short review
Sun, X., Ren, L., Zhao, Q., Zhang, L., & Huang, H. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122135 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Molecular approaches include random mutagenesis, genetic engineering including genome editing, and metabolic pathway engineering [59,67,68].”
Method
Microbial Lipid Alternatives to Plant Lipids
Jones, A. D., Boundy‐Mills, K., Barla, G. F., Kumar, S., Ubanwa, B., & Balan, V. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_1 · Cited by 50 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Significant obstacles that limit the production of microalgal lipids on a large scale are the restricted lipid synthesis in the microalgal cells and the low growth rate of these organisms, compared to other oleaginous microorganisms such as bacteria [148].”
Background
Spirulina maxima Extract Prevents Neurotoxicity via Promoting Activation of BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Cells and Mice
Koh, E.-J., Seo, Y.-J., Choi, J., Lee, H. Y., Kang, D.-H., Kim, K.-J., & Lee, B.-Y. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22081363 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Enigmatic Microalgae from Aeroterrestrial and Extreme Habitats in Cosmetics: The Potential of the Untapped Natural Sources
Stoyneva-Gärtner, M. P., Uzunov, B., & Gärtner, G. (2020) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics7020027 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Different aquatic microalgae mainly from the genera Aphanizomenon, Arthrospira, Chlorella, Desmodesmus, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus, and Spirulina are broadly used in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications [45].”
Background
Study of Morphological Features and Determination of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Microalgae Lipid Complex
Dolganyuk, V. F., Andreeva, A., Александровна, Б. Е., Сухих, С. А., Babich, O., Ivanova, S. A., Prosekov, A. Y., & Ulrikh, E. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10111571 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Glycerolipid Characterization and Nutrient Deprivation-Associated Changes in the Green Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri
Degraeve-Guilbault, C., Bréhélin, C., Haslam, R. P., Sayanova, O. V., Marie-Luce, G., Jouhet, J., & Corellou, F. (2017) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.16.01467 · Cited by 48 · cited 2× · see citing works
“They are characterized by the presence of one or more sugar residues linked to glycerol via a glycosidic linkage, and they are primarily the constituents of thylakoid membranes in plant cells, including microalgae [120,122,125].”
Background
Lipid Metabolism in Microalgae
Khozin‐Goldberg, I. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_18 · Cited by 47 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The major phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC) (Figure 2), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) [120].”
Background
Sterol and Sphingoid Glycoconjugates from Microalgae
Stonik, V. A., & Стоник, И. В. (2018) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md16120514 · Cited by 45 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Sterols present in microalgae are not only free but also in conjugated forms, many of them are unusual in terrestrial higher plants [57].”
BackgroundInfluential
Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae
Santoro, I., Nardi, M., Benincasa, C., Costanzo, P., Giordano, G., Procopio, A., & Sindona, G. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24234347 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Examples are 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and cyclopentyl methyl ether [83].”
Background
Phospholipid Metabolism in an Industry Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana: The Impact of Inoculum Sizes
Lu, S., Wang, J., Ma, Q., Yang, J., Li, X., & Yuan, Y.-J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070827 · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is also evidence that phospholipids are essential to many important biological processes, such as stress response and photosynthesis [119].”
Background
Industrial Applications for Plant Oils and Lipids
Tao, B. Y. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452114-9/50025-6 · Cited by 41 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Lecithins are also used in the industrial field as an emulsifying agent in fabrics, leather, cosmetics, paints, plastics, and a release agent for concrete and insecticides [26].”
BackgroundInfluential
Preventive Effects of the Marine Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Used as a Food Supplement, on Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Wistar Rats
Mayer, C., Côme, M., Ulmann, L., Zittelli, G. C., Faraloni, C., Nazih, H., Ouguerram, K., Chénais, B., & Mimouni, V. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051069 · Cited by 41 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Fish and fish oil are the common sources of long-chain PUFAs but microalgae could be an interesting alternative [143,144].”
Background
Anti-inflammatory effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from a microalga in a murine recurrent colitis model
Ávila‐Román, J., Talero, E., Rodríguez-Luna, A., García‐Mauriño, S., & Motilva, V. (2016) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516004189 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Marine Microalgae Biotechnology
Venkatesan, J., Manivasagan, P., & Kim, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800776-1.00001-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Extracts from Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Ciliberti, M. G., Albenzio, M., Francavilla, M., Neglia, G., Esposito, L., & Caroprese, M. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9020045 · Cited by 37 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Therefore, their use in animal feed could control immune responses during inflammation and minimize the use of antibiotics [128,129].”
Background
Impact of a high-fat diet on the fatty acid composition of the retina
Albouery, M., Buteau, B., Gregoire, S., Martine, L., Gambert, S., Bron, A. M., Acar, N., Chassaing, B., & Bringer, M.-A. (2020) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108059 · Cited by 35 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, PUFAs contribute to the growth and performance of the retina [109], brain [110], and reproductive tissues [111].”
Background
Biofuel and co-products from algae solvent extraction
Kumari, N., & Singh, R. K. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.042 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Different Cell Disruption and Lipid Extraction Methods from Microalgae for Biodiesel Production
Kumar, V., Arora, N., Nanda, M., & Pruthi, V. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2264-8_12 · Cited by 33 · cited 4× · see citing works
“In the literature, several techniques were reported for microalgal lipids extraction, mostly used for lipids recovery for biodiesel production [70].”
BackgroundInfluential
Towards green extraction methods from microalgae learning from the classics
Imbimbo, P., D’Elia, L., Liberti, D., Olivieri, G., & Monti, D. M. (2020) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10839-x · Cited by 33 · cited 1× · see citing works
“New techniques are being developed which do not require the involvement of toxic solvents, reduce the extraction time, improve the extraction yields without affecting the biological activity, and minimize environmental impact [146].”
Background
Algae Cosmetics
Michalak, I., Dmytryk, A., & Chojnacka, K. (2020) · Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/9781119143802.ch3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Potential of New Isolates of Dunaliella salina for Natural β-Carotene ProductionPreprint
Xu, Y., Ibrahim, I. M., Wosu, C. I., et al. (2018) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0156.v1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fish Oil and Microalga Omega‐3 as Dietary Supplements: A Comparative Study on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High‐Fat Fed Rats
Haimeur, A., Mimouni, V., Ulmann, L., Martineau, A., Messaouri, H., Pineau‐Vincent, F., Tremblin, G., & Meskini, N. (2016) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-016-4177-2 · Cited by 28 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Fish and fish oil are the common sources of long-chain PUFAs but microalgae could be an interesting alternative [143,144].”
Background
Characterization of sulfur-compound metabolism underlying wax-ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis
Yamada, K., Nitta, T., Atsuji, K., Shiroyama, M., Inoue, K., Higuchi, C., Nitta, N., Oshiro, S., Mochida, K., Iwata, O., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36600-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Evaluation of Alkenones, a Renewably Sourced, Plant-Derived Wax as a Structuring Agent for Lipsticks
Huynh, A., Maktabi, B., Reddy, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Chandler, M., & Baki, G. (2020) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12597 · Cited by 19 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Given their waxy nature and reasonably high melting point, alkenones could represent an attractive class of natural ingredients that may find useful applications in a variety of cosmetic and personal care applications [90].”
Background
An Introduction to Photosynthetic Microalgae
Stark, M., & O'Gara, I. (2012) · Disruptive Science and Technology · doi:10.1089/dst.2012.0017 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Use of Lipids
Hernández, E. (2005) · Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products · doi:10.1002/047167849x.bio068 · Cited by 16 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Different ceramides have been identified and synthetically duplicated for inclusion in moisturizer formulations renowned by their polar head group structure, as well as by their hydrocarbon chain properties [49,52].”
Background
Lipids, a natural raw material at the heart of cosmetics innovation
Bonnet, C. (2018) · OCL · doi:10.1051/ocl/2018055 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Phytosterols from Dunaliella tertiolecta Reduce Cell Proliferation in Sheep Fed Flaxseed during Post Partum
Ciliberti, M. G., Francavilla, M., Intini, S., Albenzio, M., Marino, R., Santillo, A., & Caroprese, M. (2017) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md15070216 · Cited by 13 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Therefore, their use in animal feed could control immune responses during inflammation and minimize the use of antibiotics [128,129].”
Background
Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from MicroalgaePreprint
Santoro, I., Nardi, M., Benincasa, C., et al. (2019) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0080.v1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bio‐based Algae Oil: an oxidation and structural analysis
Nejad, H. B., Blasco, L., Moran, B., Cebrian, J., Woodger, J., González, E., Pritts, C., & Milligan, J. (2020) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12606 · Cited by 11 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As a result, the synergistic interaction of different chemicals and additive action may occur due to the presence of the same ingredients in different products [42].”
Background
Isolation and Identification of Chloroplast Lipids
Sato, N., & Tsuzuki, M. (2010) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-925-3_9 · Cited by 10 · cited 2× · see citing works
“They are characterized by the presence of one or more sugar residues linked to glycerol via a glycosidic linkage, and they are primarily the constituents of thylakoid membranes in plant cells, including microalgae [120,122,125].”
Phospholipid-Based Surfactants
Li, J., He, Y., Anankanbil, S., & Guo, Z. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812705-6.00007-1 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The presence of both hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tails confers them amphiphilicity, which makes phospholipids excellent emulsifying agents and therefore can stabilize oil-water emulsions as delivery systems for food, cosmetic ingredients, and drugs [121].”
Background
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Use of Lipids
Hernandez, E. M. (2020) · Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products · doi:10.1002/047167849x.bio068.pub2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Baumann, N.A.; Menon, A.K. Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes, 4th ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2002; Volume 36, ISBN 9780444511386.
Li-beisson, Y.N.Y. Lipids in Plant and Algae Development; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2016; Volume 86, ISBN 978-3-319-25977-2.
Stevens, C.; Verhé, R. Renewable Bioresources: Scope and Modification for Non-Food Applications; John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2004; ISBN 0470021047.

Sorted by citations

Phytochemical and Potential Properties of Seaweeds and Their Recent Applications: A Review
EL-BELTAGI, H. S., Mohamed, A. A., Mohamed, H. I., Ramadan, K. M. A., Barqawi, A. A., & Mansour, A. T. (2022) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md20060342 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp.
Abreu, A. P., Martins, R., & Nunes, J. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10080955 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“The cosmetic sector is constantly in search of new ingredients to formulate innovative products [61].”
Background
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: A Factory of Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health
Masi, A., Leonelli, F., Scognamiglio, V., Gasperuzzo, G., Antonacci, A., & Terzidis, M. A. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28031185 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients [100].”
Microalgae cultivation for treating agricultural effluent and producing value-added products
Alavianghavanini, A., Shayesteh, H., Bahri, P. A., Vadiveloo, A., & Moheimani, N. R. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169369 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Genetic engineering to enhance microalgal-based produced water treatment with emphasis on CRISPR/Cas9: A review
Hassanien, A., Saadaoui, I., Schipper, K., Al-Marri, S., Dalgamouni, T., Aouida, M., Saeed, S., & Jabri, H. M. S. J. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.1104914 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“These lipids are also expressed in different microalgae (Luca et al., 2021).”
Background
Wastewater and sludge valorisation: a novel approach for treatment and resource recovery to achieve circular economy concept
Kathi, S., Singh, S., Yadav, R., Singh, A. N., & Mahmoud, A. E. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.3389/fceng.2023.1129783 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Like proteins, Lipids have a variety of industrial applications in a variety of products, including manufacturing and production of biodiesel, agrochemicals, animal feed, personal care items, and cosmetics (De Luca et al., 2021) to name a few.”
Background
Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae
Çelekli, A., Özbal, B., & Bozkurt, H. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13050725 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Due to their valuable chemical composition, microalgae have several commercial applications today, including (i) increasing the nutritional value of food and animal feed, (ii) playing an essential role in aquaculture, and (iii) the manufacturing of cosmetics [19,79,80].”
Background
Microalgal Bioeconomy: A Green Economy Approach Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Sarker, N. K., & Kaparaju, P. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su162411218 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Unlocking the Potential of Fermentation in Cosmetics: A Review
Pérez-Rivero, C., & López-Gómez, J. P. (2023) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation9050463 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Landscape of microalgae omics and metabolic engineering research for strain improvement: An overview
Stavridou, E., Karapetsi, L., Nteve, G., Tsintzou, G. P., Chatzikonstantinou, M., Tsaousi, M., Martı́nez, Á. T., Flores, P., Merino, M., Dobrovic, L., et al. (2024) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740803 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance
Jouhet, J., Alves, E., Boutté, Y., Darnet, S. H., Domergue, F., Durand, T., Fischer, P. J., Fouillen, L., Grūbe, M., Joubès, J., et al. (2024) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A comprehensive review on medical applications of microalgae
Huang, H., Lang, Y., & Zhou, M. (2024) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2024.103504 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Effects of nitrogen starvation on growth and biochemical composition of some microalgae species
Şirin, P. A., & Serdar, S. (2024) · Folia Microbiologica · doi:10.1007/s12223-024-01136-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Exploring Extremotolerant and Extremophilic Microalgae: New Frontiers in Sustainable Biotechnological Applications
Rojas-Villalta, D., Rojas-Rodríguez, D., Villanueva-Ilama, M., Guillén-Watson, R., Murillo-Vega, F., Gómez-Espinoza, O., & Núñez-Montero, K. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13090712 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…of carotenoids, plant growth molecules, nutritional biomass, therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, and lipids are extensively Commercial utilization of carotenoids, plant growth molecules, nutritional biomass, therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, and lipids are extensively documented on microalge [22–26].”
Background
Algal Lipids as Modulators of Skin Disease: A Critical Review
Conde, T., Lopes, D., Łuczaj, W., Neves, B. M., Pinto, B., Maurício, T., Domingues, P. M., Skrzydlewska, E., & Domingues, M. R. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12020096 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“They can be used for oral administration or incorporated into available products, or they can be used as extracts for topical application [15,19].”
Background
The Potential of Algae in the Nutricosmetic Sector
Dini, I. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28104032 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Lipids in cosmetic formulations can act as moisturizing agents (forming a waterproof film on the skin to avoid water evaporation from the surface) [109], emollient [110], and softening agents (they make the corneocyte’s edges smoother) [36], surfactants [111], and emulsifiers (they decrease the surface tension) [112],…”
Background
Microalgal biorefinery as a sustainable and cost-effective platform for co-production of high-value-added products/metabolites: An insight into emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities
Singh, A. K., Srivastava, R. K., Pal, P., Mandal, S., Sahoo, U. K., Prakash, A., Sridhar, K., Sharma, M., Sarangi, P. K., & Inbaraj, B. S. (2024) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103192 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Techno-economic analysis of microalgae production for aquafeed in Norway
Vázquez-Romero, B., Perales, J. A., de Vree, J. H., Böpple, H., Steinrücken, P., Barbosa, M. J., Kleinegris, D. M. M., & Ruiz, J. (2022) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2022.102679 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lipid-Polymeric Films: Composition, Production and Applications in Wound Healing and Skin Repair
Souto, E. B., Yoshida, C. M. P., Leonardi, G. R., Cano, A. C., Sánchez‐López, E., Zielińska, A., Viseras, C., Severino, P. B., da Silva, C. F., & Barbosa, R. D. M. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13081199 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Vegetable oils have emollient properties and are therefore frequently used in dermatological and cosmetic formulations [12].”
Background
Marine bioactives: Pioneering sustainable solutions for advanced cosmetics and therapeutics
Nurkolis, F. (2025) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107868 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Microalgae as a Sustainable Protein Source: Key Issues Related to Their Production, Application, and the Way Forward
Yang, S., Xu, H., Chen, J., Liu, B., & Cheng, K. (2023) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-023-03194-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Lipids, such as triacylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and phytosterols, are another abundant fraction of microalgae (De Luca et al., 2021).”
Cosmeceutical Significance of Seaweed: A Focus on Carbohydrates and Peptides in Skin Applications
Kalasariya, H. S., Maya-Ramírez, C. E., Cotas, J., & Pereira, L. (2024) · Phycology · doi:10.3390/phycology4020015 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bioactives from microalgae: A review on process intensification using hydrodynamic cavitation
Mittal, R., & Ranade, V. V. (2023) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-023-02945-w · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Comprehensive Review of the Latest Investigations of the Health-Enhancing Effects of Selected Properties of Arthrospira and Spirulina Microalgae on Skin
Chwil, M., Mihelič, R., Matraszek, R., Terlecka, P., Skoczylas, M. M., & Terlecki, K. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17101321 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Currently, many studies focus on the use of various spirulina fractions: lipids [3,92,93], polysaccharides [94,95], peptides [96–99], pigments [12,100–102], and phenolic compounds [103–105] in dermatology and cosmetology.”
Background
Greener Extraction Solutions for Microalgal Compounds
Kopp, G., & Lauritano, C. (2025) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md23070269 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“While the use of these bioactive compounds as active ingredients in cosmetics is becoming more widespread, their applications in the industry often remain limited to roles such as thickening, gelling, and antioxidant agents [22,23].”
Lipids Fortified Nano Phytopharmaceuticals: A Breakthrough Approach in Delivering Bio-actives for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy
Shah, S. R., Chauhan, H., Madhu, H., Mori, D., Soniwala, M. M., Singh, S. K., & Prajapati, B. G. (2024) · Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology · doi:10.2174/0122117385277686231127050723 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs
Lakshimi, V. I., & Kavitha, M. (2023) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Next-Generation Organic Beauty Products Obtained from Algal Secondary Metabolites: A Sustainable Development in Cosmeceutical Industries
Mago, Y., Sharma, Y., Thakran, Y., Mishra, A., Tewari, S., & Kataria, N. (2023) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-023-00841-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The lipids are utilized as structuring agents in certain cosmetic products as an alternative to waxes obtained from animals or petroleum [54].”
Nutritional and Medicinal Properties of Microbial Oil
Uğur, Ş., Zieniuk, B., & Fabiszewska, A. U. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14104232 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Benchmarking commercially available value-added fractions with potential for production via microalgae-based biorefineries: is it worth it?
Ferreira, F., Ortigueira, J., dos Reis, A. J. D., & Lopes, T. F. (2025) · Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts · doi:10.1186/s13068-025-02633-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Omega-3 fatty acid nanocarriers: Characterization and potential applications
Yaghmur, A., Ghayas, S., Jan, H., Kalaycıoğlu, G. D., & Moghimi, S. M. (2023) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101728 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bioconversion of agri-food waste and by-products into microbial lipids: Mechanism, cultivation strategies and potential in food applications
Rafiq, S., Bhat, M. I., Sofi, S. A., Muzzafar, K., Majid, D., Dar, B. N., & Makroo, H. A. (2023) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2023.07.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Application of computational fluid dynamics in optimizing microalgal photobioreactors
Amanna, B., Bahri, P. A., & Moheimani, N. R. (2024) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2024.103718 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gamma ray mutants of oleaginous microalga Chlorella sp. KM504965 with enhanced biomass and lipid for biofuel production
Senthamilselvi, D., & Kalaiselvi, T. (2022) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-022-02400-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Interest-ingly, the mutants Cl801 and Cl802 produced linoleic acid, an emulsifier [66] in larger quantities (19.04% and 19.06%, respectively) than the wild type (12.67%).”
BackgroundInfluential
Micro-algae assisted green bioremediation of water pollutants rich leachate and source products recovery
Martínez-Ruiz, M., Molina-Vázquez, A., Santiesteban-Romero, B., Reyes-Pardo, H., Villaseñor-Zepeda, K. R., Meléndez-Sánchez, E. R., Araújo, R. G., Sosa‐Hernández, J. E., Bilal, M., Iqbal, H. M. N., et al. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119422 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Microalgae‐based sunscreens as green and sustainable cosmetic products
Najafi, A., Heidary, M., Martinez, R. M., Baby, A. R., & Morowvat, M. H. (2024) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.13019 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Microalgae biomass and its purification products are multifunctional ingredients for pharmaceutics, foods and cosmetics [34].”
Influential
Potential avenue of genetic engineered algal derived bioactive compounds: influencing parameters, challenges and future prospects
Kothari, R., Singh, H. M., Azam, R., Goria, K., Bharti, A., Singh, A., Bajar, S., Pathak, A., Pandey, A., & Tyagi, V. V. (2023) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-023-09859-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Microalgae: revolutionizing skin repair and enhancement
Chinjoo, N., & Golzary, A. (2025) · Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00911 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“This reinforcement of the lipid barrier is especially important for individuals with sensitive or dry skin, as it helps to lock in moisture and protect the skin from external irritants [53,54].”
Enhanced Tetracycline Removal from Highly Concentrated Aqueous Media by Lipid-Free Chlorella sp. Biomass
Suárez-Martínez, D., Angulo, E., Martínez, I. D. M., Vacca-Jimeno, V., Tapia-Larios, C., & Cubillán, N. (2022) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c00696 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Aeroterrestrial and Extremophilic Microalgae as Promising Sources for Lipids and Lipid Nanoparticles in Dermal Cosmetics
Stoyneva-Gärtner, M. P., Uzunov, B., & Gärtner, G. (2022) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics9010011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Growth Behavior, Biomass Composition and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) Production Potential of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris Cultures
López-Pacheco, I. Y., Ayala-Moreno, V. G., Mejia-Melara, C. A., Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, J., Cuéllar‐Bermúdez, S. P., González-González, R. B., Coronado-Apodaca, K. G., Cabrera, L. I. F., González-Meza, G. M., Iqbal, H. M. N., et al. (2023) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md21080450 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“For example, adding PUFAs in cosmetic formulations provides anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [27].”
Background
Boosting plant oil yields: the role of genetic engineering in industrial applications
Hajinajaf, N., Fayyazbakhsh, A., Shahsavar, S. K., Sanjarian, F., & Rahnama, H. (2024) · Biofuel Research Journal · doi:10.18331/brj2024.11.2.5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Perspective Chapter: Overview of Bio-Based Surfactant – Recent Development, Industrial Challenge, and Future Outlook
Ismail, N. L., Shahruddin, S., & Othman, J. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.100542 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Inhibition of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthesis by down-regulation of MGD1 leads to membrane lipid remodeling and enhanced triacylglycerol biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Lee, J.-W., Lee, M.-W., Jin, C.-Z., Oh, H., Jin, E., & Lee, H. (2022) · Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts · doi:10.1186/s13068-022-02187-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Role of LC-MS in Profiling Bioactive Compounds from Plant Waste for Cosmetic Applications: A General Overview
D’Urso, G., Capuano, A., Fantasma, F., Chini, M. G., Felice, V. D., Saviano, G., Lauro, G., Casapullo, A., Bifulco, G., & Iorizzi, M. (2025) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants14152284 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Recently, there has been an increasing interest in utilising microalgal lipids in various sectors, including the cosmetic industry [130].”
Cross-stress lipid response of Tetraselmis striata CTP4 to temperature and salinity variation
Conde, T., Aveiro, S. S., Melo, T., Santos, T., Neves, B. M., Domingues, P. M., Varela, J. C. S., Pereira, H., & Domingues, M. R. (2023) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2023.103218 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Predicting the microalgae lipid profile obtained by supercritical fluid extraction using a machine learning model
Pinto, J. D. R., Guerrero, J. L., Rivera, L., Parada-Pinilla, M. P., Cala, M. P., López, G., & Barrios, A. F. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2024.1480887 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Algal Systems for Resource Recovery from Waste and Wastewater
Lens, P. N. L., Khandelwal, A., Khandelwal, A., Lens, P. N. L., Pessi, B. A., Ariza, A. R., López-Vázquez, C. M., Steen, P., Lens, P. N. L., Lawrence, J., et al. (2023) · IWA Publishing eBooks · doi:10.2166/9781789063547 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
An artificial neuronal network coupled with a genetic algorithm to optimise the production of unsaturated fatty acids in Parachlorella kessleri
Fernández-Izquierdo, P., Cerón-Delgado, L., & Benavides, F. O. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.aiia.2024.06.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Green solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) improves recovery of bioactive molecules from oilseeds and prevents lipid peroxidation in oils
Erdoğan, Ü., Önder, D. G., Önder, S., Tonguç, M., & Ince, R. E. (2025) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143659 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Enhancing Arthrospira platensis productivity by optimizing mixing rates in a self-cooling flat plate photobioreactor
Amanna, B., Bahri, P. A., Zhang, G., & Moheimani, N. R. (2025) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2025.104035 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cell disruption and extraction for microalgae biorefinery: Focus on deep eutectic solvents moving towards aqueous biphasic system
Taj-Liad, S. T., Raviadaran, R., Chandran, D., & Lam, M. K. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105066 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A New Generation of Postbiotics for Skin and Scalp: In Situ Production of Lipid Metabolites by Malassezia
Pagac, M. P., Gempeler, M., & Campiche, R. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12081711 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“As an example, microalgae are capable of de novo synthesizing both n-3 and n-6 PUFA, and their integration into vegan-friendly cosmetic applications as a postbiotic ingredient, together with a rich accommodating lipid profile, is seeing a trend in the personal skincare cosmetic industry [102].”
Background
Conception of an environmental friendly O/W cosmetic emulsion from microalgae
Dammak, M., Hlima, H. B., Smaoui, S., Fendri, I., Michaud, P., Ayadi, M. A., & Abdelkafi, S. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20824-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Cosmeceutical Potential of the Yellow-Green Alga Trachydiscus minutus Aqueous Extract: Preparation of a Natural-Based Dermal Formula as a Proof of Concept
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Authors: De Luca, M., Pappalardo, I., Limongi, A. R., Viviano, E., Radice, R. P., Todisco, S., Martelli, G., Infantino, V., & Vassallo, A.
Affiliations: Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
University of Basilicata (IT)
Corresponding author: Vassallo, Antonio
ORCID: De Luca, Maria
Pappalardo, Ilaria
Limongi, Antonina Rita
Viviano, Emanuele
Radice, Rosa Paola
Todisco, Simona
Infantino, Vittoria
Vassallo, Antonio
Venue: Cosmetics
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2021-06-17
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 52
ISSN: 2079-9284 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8020052
OpenAlex: W3169284508
Cited by: 147
References: 149
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 3
FWCI: 3.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Cosmetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Basilicata) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Keywords: microalgal lipids, oleaginous microalgae, cosmetic ingredients, emollients, emulsifiers, surfactants, natural cosmetics, microalgae cultivation, bioactive compounds, microalgal biomass valorization

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Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications

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