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Epigenetic Alterations of Maternal Tobacco Smoking during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Nakamura, Aurélie, François, Olivier, Lepeule, Johanna·2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph18105083PMC PMC8151244
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Abstract

In utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking is the leading cause of birth complications in addition to being associated with later impairment in child’s development. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), miRNAs expression, and histone modifications, belong to possible underlying mechanisms linking maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes and later child’s development. The aims of this review were to provide an update on (1) the main results of epidemiological studies on the impact of in utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking on epigenetic mechanisms, and (2) the technical issues and methods used in such studies. In contrast with miRNA and histone modifications, DNAm has been the most extensively studied epigenetic mechanism with regard to in utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking. Most studies relied on cord blood and children’s blood, but placenta is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool, especially for markers of pregnancy exposures. Some recent studies suggest reversibility in DNAm in certain genomic regions as well as memory of smoking exposure in DNAm in other regions, upon smoking cessation before or during pregnancy. Furthermore, reversibility could be more pronounced in miRNA expression compared to DNAm. Increasing evidence based on longitudinal data shows that maternal smoking-associated DNAm changes persist during childhood. In this review, we also discuss some issues related to cell heterogeneity as well as downstream statistical analyses used to relate maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and epigenetics. The epigenetic effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy have been among the most widely investigated in the epigenetic epidemiology field. However, there are still huge gaps to fill in, including on the impact on miRNA expression and histone modifications to get a better view of the whole epigenetic machinery. The consistency of maternal tobacco smoking effects across epigenetic marks and across tissues will also provide crucial information for future studies. Advancement in bioinformatic and biostatistics approaches is key to develop a comprehensive analysis of these biological systems.

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Metadata

Authors
Nakamura, A., François, O., & Lepeule, J.
Affiliations
  • Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France
  • Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire TIMC, CNRS UMR 5525, 38000 Grenoble, France
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-05-11
Volume
18
Issue
10
Pages
5083
ISSN
1660-4601
DOI
10.3390/ijerph18105083
PMC
PMC8151244
Cited by
72
References
20
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • INCa (INCa_13641)
  • French Agency for National Research (ANR-18-CE36-0005)
  • IRESP & INCa (IRESP-19-TABAC-V1-01)

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