The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: A cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on health care systems, increasing the risks of psychological distress in health professionals. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of burnout and psychopathological conditions in health professionals working in a health institution in the Northern Italy, and to assess socio-demographic, work-related and psychological predictors of burnout. Methods: Health professionals working in the hospitals of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano were asked to participate to an online anonymous survey investigating socio-demographic data, COVID-19 emergency-related work and psychological factors, state anxiety, psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms and burnout. Predictors of the three components of burnout were assessed using elastic net regression models. Results: 330 health professionals participated to the online survey. 235 health professionals (71.2) had scores of state anxiety above the clinical cutoff, 88 (26.8%) had clinical levels of depression, 103 (31.3%) of anxiety, 113 (34.3%) of stress, 121 (36.7%) of post-traumatic stress. Regarding burnout, 107 (35.7%) had moderate and 105 (31.9%) severe levels of emotional exhaustion; 46 (14.0%) had moderate and 40 (12.1%) severe levels of depersonalization; 132 (40.1%) had moderate and 113 (34.3%) severe levels of reduced personal accomplishment. Predictors of all the three components of burnout were work hours, psychological comorbidities, fear of infection and perceived support by friends. Predictors of both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were female gender, being a nurse, working in the hospital, being in contact with COVID-19 patients. Reduced personal accomplishment only was also predicted by age. Conclusions: Health professionals had high levels of burnout and psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 emergency. Monitoring and timely treatment of these conditions is needed.
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Research in Italy and France found high rates of depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout among health-care workers; younger age, female sex, nursing role, and direct care of COVID-19 patients were risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes.
“Studies from Italy and France reported a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout; risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes included younger age, female sex, being a nurse, and working directly with patients with COVID-19.7, 8, 9”
From COVID-19: a heavy toll on health-care workers (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
HCWs are at particular risk of adverse psychological outcomes, including stress, anxiety, depression, distress, insomnia, emotional exhaustion, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Consistently with the results of many studies on the psychological impact of past pandemics on health professionals [14,15,16], the literature published until now about COVID-19 revealed that HCWs are at particular risk of adverse psychological outcomes, i.e., of developing more severe mental symptoms, including stress, anxiety, depression, distress, insomnia, emotional exhaustion, burnout, as wel”
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- Authors
- Giusti, E. M., Pedroli, E., D'Aniello, G. E., Stramba Badiale, C., Pietrabissa, G., Manna, C., Stramba Badiale, M., Riva, G., Castelnuovo, G., & Molinari, E.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Università degli Studi eCampus (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Giusti, Emanuele Maria
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-07-10
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 1684-1684
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7366071
- OpenAlex
- W3042146139
- Cited by
- 533
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 17 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 44.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS eCampus Telematic University (Università degli Studi eCampus) (submittedVersion)
- PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, burnout, psychological distress, state anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment, fear of infection, perceived social support, nurses, predictors of burnout, Northern Italy
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