Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Senescence by Tryptophan Metabolites

Wu, Kenneth K.

doi:10.3390/ijms22020697

Cited by 29Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceMesenchymal stem cell researchSirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine

Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Senescence by Tryptophan Metabolites

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Wu, Kenneth K.·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI 10.3390/ijms22020697PMC PMC7828284

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Abstract

Cellular senescence contributes to aging and age-related disorders. High glucose (HG) induces mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) senescence, which hampers cell expansion and impairs MSC function. Intracellular HG triggers metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. It causes mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological changes. Tryptophan metabolites such as 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) and melatonin attenuate HG-induced MSC senescence by protecting mitochondrial integrity and function and reducing ROS generation. They upregulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Both metabolites inhibit stress-induced MSC senescence by blocking p38 MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB, and p300 histone acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, melatonin upregulates SIRT-1, which reduces NF-κB activity by de-acetylation of NF-κB subunits. Melatonin and 5-MTP are a new class of metabolites protecting MSCs against replicative and stress-induced cellular senescence. They provide new strategies to improve the efficiency of MSC-based therapy for diverse human diseases.

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Evidence is contrasting about the effect of melatonin on regulation of antioxidant enzymes.
“However, contrasting evidence remains about the effect of melatonin on the regulation of antioxidant enzymes [457,463,464,465].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [457]
Melatonin reduces oxidative stress and replicative senescence by enhancing autophagy, activating AMPK/FOXO3 pathways, and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, both in vitro and in vivo.
“In this respect, melatonin has been proven capable of reducing oxidative stress and replicative senescence by enhancing autophagy, activating AMPK/FOXO3 pathways and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, both in vitro and in vivo [455,456,457].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [457]

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Authors: Wu, K. K.
Affiliations: National Health Research Institutes (TW)
Corresponding author: Wu, Kenneth K.
ORCID: Wu, Kenneth K.
Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2021-01-12
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Pages: 697
ISSN: 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020697
PMC: PMC7828284
OpenAlex: W3119282361
Cited by: 29
References: 111
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5
FWCI: 0.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ((102-106)-2321-B-039-001; 107-2321-B-400-011; 108-2321-B-400-008)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, cellular senescence, tryptophan metabolites, melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophan, high glucose, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, p38 MAPK signaling, NF-κB, SIRT1, aging, MSC-based therapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Antioxidants, Humans, Mitochondria, Tryptophan, Signal Transduction, Cellular Senescence, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Senescence by Tryptophan Metabolites

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