Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis and Therapy
Open accessAbstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. OS has a strong tendency to relapse and metastasize, resulting in poor prognosis and survival. The high heterogeneity and genetic complexity of OS make it challenging to identify new therapeutic targets. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts. OS is thought to originate at some stage in the differentiation process of MSC to pre-osteoblast or from osteoblast precursors. MSCs contribute to OS progression by interacting with tumor cells via paracrine signaling and affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, immune response, and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by OS cells and MSCs in the tumor microenvironment, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, driving OS progression by transferring miRNAs/RNA and proteins to other cells. MSC-derived EVs have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on OS progression. MSC-EVs can be also engineered to deliver anti-tumor cargo to the tumor site, which offers potential applications in MSC-EV-based OS treatment. In this review, we highlight the role of MSCs in OS, with a focus on EV-mediated communication between OS cells and MSCs and their role in OS pathogenesis and therapy.
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Low concentrations of injected ASCs into a tumor xenograft led to inhibition of OS tumor growth, while higher concentrations led to stimulation of tumor growth.
“They found that low concentrations of injected ASCs into a tumor xenograft led to the inhibition of OS tumor growth, while higher concentrations of injected ASCs led to the stimulation of tumor growth [102,103,104,105].”
From Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
Section 2.10 reports that low concentrations of injected adipose-derived MSCs inhibit osteosarcoma tumor growth, while higher concentrations stimulate it. The passage does not identify the tumor as a xenograft, so that specific setting is not supported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Sarhadi, V. K., Daddali, R., & Seppänen-Kaijansinkko, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author
- Sarhadi, Virinder Kaur
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-13
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 11035
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8537935
- OpenAlex
- W3205905087
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Helsinki University Hospital (VTR 2021 232)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- osteosarcoma, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, tumor microenvironment, paracrine signaling, tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, antitumor immunity, engineered vesicles, osteogenic differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Bone Neoplasms, Cell Communication, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Osteosarcoma, MicroRNAs, Tumor Microenvironment, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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