Neurogranin and neuronal pentraxin receptor as synaptic dysfunction biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Synaptic loss and dysfunction are one of the earliest signs of neurodegeneration associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It seems that by assessing proteins related to synapses, one may reflect their dysfunction and improve the understanding of neurobiological processes in the early stage of the disease. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the CSF concentrations of two synaptic proteins together, such as neurogranin (Ng) and neuronal pentraxins receptor (NPTXR) in relation to neurochemical dementia biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Ng, NPTXR and classical AD biomarkers concentrations were measured in the CSF of patients with AD and non-demented controls (CTRL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex xMAP technology. RESULTS: The CSF level of Ng was significantly higher, whereas the NPTXR was significantly lower in the AD patients than in cognitively healthy controls. As a first, we calculated the NPTXR/Ng ratio as an indicator of synaptic disturbance. The patients with AD presented a significantly decreased NPTXR/Ng ratio. The correlation was observed between both proteins in the AD and the whole study group. Furthermore, the relationship between the Ng level and pTau181 was found in the AD group of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Ng and NPTXR concentrations in CSF are promising synaptic dysfunction biomarkers reflecting pathological changes in AD.
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NPTXR in CSF was measured by ELISA from RayBiotech, which did not meet the optimal criteria for measurements in CSF when validated by the group.
“NPTXR in CSF was measured by ELISA from RayBiotech (RayBio® Human NPTXR ELISA Kit; RayBiotech, USA), which, albeit being used by other groups [93, 94], did not meet the optimal criteria for measurements in CSF when validated by our group.”
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- Authors
- Dulewicz, M., Kulczyńska-Przybik, A., Słowik, A., Borawska, R., & Mroczko, B.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Białystok (PL)
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Dulewicz, Maciej
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-02
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 4575
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8509697
- OpenAlex
- W3203753656
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Medical University of Białystok (Grant No. SUB/1/DN/21/005/1198)
- Project No. POWR.03.02.00-00-I051/16 from the European Union funds, POWER 2014-2020 (Grant No. 04/IMSD/G/2019)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neurogranin, synaptic dysfunction, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, p-tau181, tau phosphorylation, synaptic proteins, early diagnosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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