Tau-induced defects in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory are reversible in transgenic mice after switching off the toxic Tau mutant
Open accessAbstract
This report describes the behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of regulatable transgenic mice expressing mutant repeat domains of human Tau (Tau(RD)). Mice were generated to express Tau(RD) in two forms, differing in their propensity for β-structure and thus in their tendency for aggregation ("pro-aggregant" or "anti-aggregant") (Mocanu et al., 2008). Only pro-aggregant mice show pronounced changes typical for Tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (aggregation, missorting, hyperphosphorylation, synaptic and neuronal loss), indicating that the β-propensity and hence the ability to aggregate is a key factor in the disease. We now tested the mice with regard to neuromotor parameters, behavior, learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity and correlated this with histological and biochemical parameters in different stages of switching Tau(RD) on or off. The mice are normal in neuromotor tests. However, pro-aggregant Tau(RD) mice are strongly impaired in memory and show pronounced loss of long-term potentiation (LTP), suggesting that Tau aggregation specifically perturbs these brain functions. Remarkably, when the expression of human pro-aggregant Tau(RD) is switched on for ∼ 10 months and off for ∼ 4 months, memory and LTP recover, whereas aggregates decrease moderately and change their composition from mixed human plus mouse Tau to mouse Tau only. Neuronal loss persists, but synapses are partially rescued. This argues that continuous presence of amyloidogenic pro-aggregant Tau(RD) constitutes the main toxic insult for memory and LTP, rather than the aggregates as such.
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Tau-mediated neurodegeneration arises from multiple pathological mechanisms including loss of normal function, gain of toxic function, aggregation, and mislocalization.
“Tau-mediated neurodegeneration arises from multiple pathological mechanisms, including loss of normal function [37–42], gain of toxic function [43–46], aggregation [44, 47–49], and mislocalization [50–52].”
From Tau Ablation Rewires Brain Cell Programs in Health and Restores Function in Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
Deficiencies in SIRT1 are correlated with enhanced levels of phosphorylated tau in neurons and the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD subjects.
“Consequently, deficiencies in SIRT1 have also been correlated with enhanced levels of phosphorylated tau in the neurons and the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD subjects [171,172].”
From The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [172]
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BEYOND AMYLOID: The Next Generation of Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics
Seabrook, G. R., Ray, W. J., Shearman, M. S., & Hutton, M. L. (2007) · Molecular Interventions · doi:10.1124/mi.7.5.8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Colitti-Klausnitzer, J., & Manahan‐Vaughan, D. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3729-07.2008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Inhibition of Tau Polymerization with a Cyanine Dye in Two Distinct Model Systems
Congdon, E. E., Figueroa, Y. H., Wang, L., Toneva, G., Chang, E. S., Kuret, J., Conrad, C., & Duff, K. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.016089 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Episodic memory, semantic memory, and amnesia
Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1998) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:3
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Morris, M., Maeda, S., Vossel, K., & Mucke, L. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.009 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and Apolipoprotein E Receptors: Normal Biology and Roles in Alzheimer Disease
Holtzman, D. M., Herz, J., & Bu, G. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006312 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Aβ induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss
Talantova, M., Sanz-Blasco, S., Zhang, X., Xia, P., Akhtar, M. W., Okamoto, S.-I., Dziewczapolski, G., Nakamura, T., Cao, G., Pratt, A. E., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1306832110 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Alzheimer brain-derived tau oligomers propagate pathology from endogenous tau
Lasagna-Reeves, C. A., Castillo-Carranza, D. L., Sengupta, U., Guerrero-Munoz, M. J., Kiritoshi, T., Neugebauer, V., Jackson, G. R., & Kayed, R. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00700 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Wang, C., Ward, M. E., Chen, R., Liu, K., Tracy, T. E., Chen, X., Xie, M., Sohn, P. D., Ludwig, C., Meyer-Franke, A., et al. (2017) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.019 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Tau association with synaptic vesicles causes presynaptic dysfunction
Zhou, L., McInnes, J., Wierda, K., Holt, M., Herrmann, A. G., Jackson, R. J., Wang, Y.-C., Swerts, J., Beyens, J., Miskiewicz, K., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15295 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationSynapses and Alzheimer's Disease
Sheng, M., Sabatini, B. L., & Sudhof, T. C. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a005777 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Tau impairs neural circuits, dominating amyloid-β effects, in Alzheimer models in vivo
Busche, M. A., Wegmann, S., Dujardin, S., Commins, C., Schiantarelli, J., Klickstein, N., Kamath, T. V., Carlson, G. A., Nelken, I., & Hyman, B. T. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0289-8 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein e sets the stage: response to injury triggers neuropathology
Mahley, R. W., & Huang, Y. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.020 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
The clinical promise of biomarkers of synapse damage or loss in Alzheimer’s disease
the Synaptic Health Endpoints Working Group, Colom-Cadena, M., Spires-Jones, T., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Caggiano, A., DeKosky, S. T., Fillit, H., Harrison, J. E., Schneider, L. S., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00588-4 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Yamada, K., Cirrito, J. R., Stewart, F. R., Jiang, H., Finn, M. B., Holmes, B. B., Binder, L. I., Mandelkow, E.-M., Diamond, M. I., Lee, V. M.-Y., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2569-11.2011 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrotubule-associated protein tau is essential for long-term depression in the hippocampus
Kimura, T., Whitcomb, D. J., Jo, J., Regan, P., Piers, T., Heo, S., Brown, C., Hashikawa, T., Murayama, M., Seok, H., et al. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0144 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Zempel, H., Luedtke, J., Kumar, Y., Biernat, J., Dawson, H., Mandelkow, E., & Mandelkow, E. (2013) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.207 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Tracy, T. E., Sohn, P. D., Minami, S. S., Wang, C., Min, S.-W., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Le, D., Lo, I., Ponnusamy, R., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.005 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Hyperphosphorylation of Tau Associates With Changes in Its Function Beyond Microtubule Stability
Alonso, A. D., Cohen, L. S., Corbo, C., Morozova, V., ElIdrissi, A., Phillips, G., & Kleiman, F. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00338 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Models of β-amyloid induced Tau-pathology: The long and “folded” road to understand the mechanism
Stancu, I.-C., Vasconcelos, B., Terwel, D., & Dewachter, I. (2014) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-9-51 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Wang, W., Zhou, Q., Jiang, T., Li, S., Ye, J., Zheng, J., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Deng, M., Ke, D., et al. (2021) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.55680 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Soluble forms of tau are toxic in Alzheimer's disease
Kopeikina, K., Hyman, B., & Spires-Jones, T. (2012) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.2478/s13380-012-0032-y · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Protective effects and mechanisms of sirtuins in the nervous system
Zhang, F., Wang, S., Gan, L., Vosler, P. S., Gao, Y., Zigmond, M. J., & Chen, J. (2011) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.001 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
A role for tau at the synapse in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Pooler, A. M., Noble, W., & Hanger, D. P. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.018 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Sohn, P. D., Tracy, T. E., Son, H.-I., Zhou, Y., Leite, R. E. P., Miller, B. L., Seeley, W. W., Grinberg, L. T., & Gan, L. (2016) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0109-0 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Tau Oligomers: The Toxic Player at Synapses in Alzheimer’s Disease
Guerrero-Muñoz, M. J., Gerson, J., & Castillo-Carranza, D. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00464 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Park, J. S., Lee, J., Jung, E. S., Kim, M.-H., Kim, I. B., Son, H., Kim, S., Kim, S., Park, Y. M., Mook-Jung, I., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11000-7 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Stancu, I.-C., Vasconcelos, B., Ris, L., Wang, P., Villers, A., Peeraer, E., Buist, A., Terwel, D., Baatsen, P., Oyelami, T., et al. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1413-4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Tau: From research to clinical development
Holtzman, D. M., Carrillo, M. C., Hendrix, J. A., Bain, L. J., Catafau, A. M., Gault, L. M., Goedert, M., Mandelkow, E., Mandelkow, E., Miller, D. S., et al. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.018 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive defects are reversible in inducible mice expressing pro-aggregant full-length human Tau
Van der Jeugd, A., Hochgräfe, K., Ahmed, T., Decker, J. M., Sydow, A., Hofmann, A., Wu, D., Messing, L., Balschun, D., D’Hooge, R., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0987-3 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationAlzheimer’s disease as oligomeropathy
Ono, K. (2018) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.010 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Malpetti, M., Jones, P. S., Cope, T. E., Holland, N., Naessens, M., Rouse, M. A., Rittman, T., Savulich, G., Whiteside, D. J., Street, D., et al. (2023) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26543 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Role of Amyloid-Beta and Tau in the Early Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Yin, X., Qiu, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, Z., Bao, J., & Qian, W. (2021) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.933084 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
GUO, P., WANG, D., WANG, X., FENG, H., TANG, Y., SUN, R., ZHENG, Y., DONG, L., ZHAO, J., ZHANG, X., et al. (2016) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.4957 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Zieneldien, T., Kim, J., & Cao, C. (2022) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics7020024 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Consequently, deficiencies in SIRT1 have also been correlated with enhanced levels of phosphorylated tau in the neurons and the number of neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD subjects [171,172].”
BackgroundDulewicz, M., Kulczyńska-Przybik, A., Słowik, A., Borawska, R., & Mroczko, B. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10194575 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Tau Ablation Rewires Brain Cell Programs in Health and Restores Function in Disease
Chimal-Juárez, E., Patel, H., Jury-Garfe, N., Dabin, L. C., Vidal, R., Kim, J., & Lasagna-Reeves, C. A. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.05.12.724684
- Authors
- Sydow, A., Van der Jeugd, A., Zheng, F., Ahmed, T., Balschun, D., Petrova, O., Drexler, D., Zhou, L., Rune, G., Mandelkow, E., D'Hooge, R., Alzheimer, C., & Mandelkow, E.-M.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Max Planck Unit for Structural Molecular Biology (DE)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-02-16
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2511-2525
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6623704
- OpenAlex
- W1970686195
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 19.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AL 294/9-1)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- tau protein, tau repeat domain, tau aggregation, Alzheimer's disease, long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, reversible neurotoxicity, transgenic mice, neuronal loss, memory impairment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Doxycycline, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Mice, Transgenic, Mutation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuropsychological Tests, Space Perception, Synapses, Time Factors, tau Proteins, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Long-Term Potentiation, Hand Strength, Maze Learning, Tauopathies, Mice, In Vitro Techniques
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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