Cited by 188Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityReproductive tract infections researchYeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

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An Update on the Roles of Non-albicans Candida Species in Vulvovaginitis

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Makanjuola, Olufunmilola, Bongomin, Felix, Fayemiwo, Samuel·2018·Journal of Fungi

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Abstract

Candida species are one of the commonest causes of vaginitis in healthy women of reproductive age. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by vulvovaginal itching, redness and discharge. Candida albicans, which is a common genito-urinary tract commensal, has been the prominent species and remains the most common fungal agent isolated from clinical samples of patients diagnosed with VVC. In recent times, however, there has been a notable shift in the etiology of candidiasis with non-albicans Candida (NAC) species gaining prominence. The NAC species now account for approximately 10% to as high as 45% of VVC cases in some studies. This is associated with treatment challenges and a slightly different clinical picture. NAC species vaginitis is milder in presentation, often occur in patients with underlying chronic medical conditions and symptoms tend to be more recurrent or chronic compared with C. albicans vaginitis. C. glabrata is the most common cause of NAC-VVC. C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. guilliermondii are the other commonly implicated species. Treatment failure is common in NAC-VVC, since some of these species are intrinsically resistant or show low susceptibilities to commonly used antifungal agents. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of NAC vulvovaginitis.

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Authors: Makanjuola, O., Bongomin, F., & Fayemiwo, S.
Affiliations: University of Ibadan (NG)
Gulu University (UG)
Corresponding author: Makanjuola, Olufunmilola
ORCID: Makanjuola, Olufunmilola
Bongomin, Felix
Fayemiwo, Samuel
Venue: Journal of Fungi
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2018-10-31
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 121
ISSN: 2309-608X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/jof4040121
PMC: PMC6309050
OpenAlex: W2899038225
Cited by: 182
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 1.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Journal of Fungi (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Keywords: non-albicans Candida, vaginal candidiasis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, antifungal resistance, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment

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An Update on the Roles of Non-albicans Candida Species in Vulvovaginitis

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