Cited by 794Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and StudiesFungal and yeast genetics research

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Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

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Talapko, Jasminka, Juzbašić, Martina, Matijević, Tatjana, Pustijanac, Emina, Bekić, Sanja, Kotris, Ivan, Škrlec, Ivana·2021·Journal of Fungi

DOI 10.3390/jof7020079PMC PMC7912069

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Abstract

Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, and healthy individuals’ skin. In 50% of the population, C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the microbiota. The various clinical manifestations of Candida species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases that involve multiple organ systems and are life-threatening. From systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, diverse factors lead to disturbances in Candida’s normal homeostasis, resulting in a transition from normal flora to pathogenic and opportunistic infections. The transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infection is also influenced by Candida’s virulence traits that lead to the development of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, divided into primary and secondary candidiasis. The main supply of C. albicans in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of infections occurs due to dysbiosis of the residential microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the muco-intestinal barrier. The presence of C. albicans in the blood is associated with candidemia–invasive Candida infections. The commensal relationship exists as long as there is a balance between the host immune system and the virulence factors of C. albicans. This paper presents the virulence traits of Candida albicans and clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis.

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СУЧАСНІ УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО ЕТІОЛОГІЮ ТА ПАТОГЕНЕЗ ДЕРМАТОМІКОЗІВ
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Background
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Authors: Talapko, J., Juzbašić, M., Matijević, T., Pustijanac, E., Bekić, S., Kotris, I., & Škrlec, I.
Affiliations: University of Osijek (HR)
Klinički bolnički centar Osijek (HR)
Juraj Dobrila University of Pula (HR)
Department of Internal Medicine, General County Hospital Vukovar, HR-3200 Vukovar, Croatia
Corresponding author: Škrlec, Ivana
ORCID: Talapko, Jasminka
Juzbašić, Martina
Matijević, Tatjana
Pustijanac, Emina
Škrlec, Ivana
Venue: Journal of Fungi
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2021-01-22
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 79
ISSN: 2309-608X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/jof7020079
PMC: PMC7912069
OpenAlex: W3124481512
Cited by: 794
References: 175
Citations by year: 2026: 149 · 2025: 231 · 2024: 187 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 15
FWCI: 12.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Journal of Fungi (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Keywords: Candida albicans, virulence factors, candidiasis, oral candidiasis, invasive candidiasis, candidemia, commensalism, dysbiosis, mucosal barrier, host immune response, opportunistic fungal infection, clinical features

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Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

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