Cited by 79Seaweed-derived Bioactive CompoundsMarine and coastal plant biologyMarine Sponges and Natural Products

New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis

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Capillo, Gioele, Savoca, Serena, Costa, Rosaria, Sanfilippo, Marilena, Rizzo, Carmen, Lo Giudice, Angelina, Albergamo, Ambrogina, Rando, Rossana +3 more·2018·Marine Drugs

Abstract

Enormous marine biodiversity offers an endless reservoir of chemicals for many applications. In this scenario, the extraction of seaweeds represents an interesting source of compounds displaying antimicrobial activity. In particular, among the different red algae, Gracilaria gracilis plays an important role due to the presence of important bioactives in its composition. In spite of these features, an efficient culture system is still absent. In the present study, a novel algal culture method was developed and compared to another more common cultural practice, widely reported in literature. A higher efficiency of the new method, both for daily growth rate and biomass, was assessed. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory activity of five extracts, obtained using ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform or diethyl ether as a solvent, from the cultured G. gracilis was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Algal extracts exhibited a considerable inhibitory activity against B. subtilis strains, while a slight inhibition was observed against V. fischeri. The different extracts showed significant differences in bacterial growth inhibition, with the highest activity that was recorded for the ethanol extract, followed by that of methanol. Based on the chemical characterization, these findings could be related to the antimicrobial activity played by the combination of total carbohydrates and polyphenols, which were determined at high levels in ethanol and methanol extracts, as well as by the highest number and levels of single polyphenols. Conversely, the lower growth inhibitory activities found in chloroform and diethyl ether extracts could be related to the isolation of minor lipid classes (e.g., neutral and medium polar lipids) composed by fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids, typically characterized by antimicrobial activity. In consideration of the results obtained, the present study has a double implication, involving both the field of cultural practices and the exploitation of natural sources for the isolation of antimicrobial agents useful both in pharmaceutical and food applications.

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Authors
Capillo, G., Savoca, S., Costa, R., Sanfilippo, M., Rizzo, C., Lo Giudice, A., Albergamo, A., Rando, R., Bartolomeo, G., Spanò, N., & Faggio, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Messina (IT)
  • Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
Corresponding author
  • Albergamo, Ambrogina
  • Faggio, Caterina
Venue
Marine Drugs
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-12-07
Volume
16
Issue
12
Pages
492
ISSN
1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2905326268
Cited by
79
References
89
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12
FWCI
9.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
Keywords
Gracilaria gracilis, red algae, seaweed extract, antibacterial activity, Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio fischeri, ethanol extract, methanol extract, polyphenols, carbohydrates, fatty acids, marine natural products
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacillus subtilis, Biological Products, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts, Seaweed, Solvents, Biomass, Gracilaria, Culture Techniques, Aliivibrio fischeri

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