Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism
Open accessAbstract
A commercial blend of essential oil (EO) compounds was added to a grass, maize silage, and concentrate diet fed to dairy cattle in order to determine their influence on protein metabolism by ruminal microorganisms. EO inhibited (P < 0.05) the rate of deamination of amino acids. Pure-culture studies indicated that the species most sensitive to EO were ammonia-hyperproducing bacteria and anaerobic fungi.
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Studies have suggested that using a combination or blend of different essential oils is a better strategy to modulate the rumen microbiome and manipulate rumen fermentation than using individual essential oils.
“Studies have suggested the use of a combination or blend of different EO as a better strategy to modulate rumen microbiome to manipulate rumen fermentation than using individual EO.”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [262]
The Abstract reports that a commercial essential-oil blend inhibited amino-acid deamination, and the Implications passage says EO can manipulate ruminal fermentation by selectively suppressing microbes (page not provided). The paper does not compare the blend with individual essential oils or say that blends are a better strategy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEach essential oil possesses a complex mixture of phytochemicals, and their synergistic effects can lead to synthesis of new compounds with different bioactivity not achievable with individual compounds.
“This is mainly because each EO possesses a complex mixture of phytochemicals and their synergistic effects can lead to the synthesis of new compounds with a quite different bioactivity that could not be harvested with individual compounds (29, 262).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [262]
The methods passage (labelled Abstract in our copy; page unavailable) describes a defined blend containing thymol, eugenol, vanillin, and limonene, supporting the point that the preparation contains multiple compounds. The paper does not say that each essential oil has a complex phytochemical mixture or that interactions synthesize new compounds with bioactivity unattainable from individual compounds. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- McIntosh, F. M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R. J., Beever, D. A., & Newbold, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 5011-5014
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC169102
- OpenAlex
- W2152478796
- Cited by
- 412
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 8.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- essential oils, ruminal microorganisms, protein metabolism, amino acid deamination, dairy cattle, silage, anaerobic fungi, rumen fermentation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Cattle, Female, Oils, Volatile, Rumen
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