A Comprehensive Genome Survey Provides Novel Insights into Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) in Lactobacillaceae
Open accessAbstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is a well-known enzyme that has been commonly characterized in probiotic bacteria, as it has cholesterol-lowering effects. However, its molecular investigations are scarce. Here, we build a local database of BSH sequences from Lactobacillaceae (BSH–SDL), and phylogenetic analysis and homology searches were employed to elucidate their comparability and distinctiveness among species. Evolutionary study demonstrates that BSH sequences in BSH–SDL are divided into five groups, named BSH A, B, C, D and E here, which can be the genetic basis for BSH classification and nomenclature. Sequence analysis suggests the differences between BSH-active and BSH-inactive proteins clearly, especially on site 82. In addition, a total of 551 BSHs from 107 species are identified from 451 genomes of 158 Lactobacillaceae species. Interestingly, those bacteria carrying various copies of BSH A or B can be predicted to be potential cholesterol-lowering probiotics, based on the results of phylogenetic analysis and the subtypes that those previously reported BSH-active probiotics possess. In summary, this study elaborates the molecular basis of BSH in Lactobacillaceae systematically, and provides a novel methodology as well as a consistent standard for the identification of the BSH subtype. We believe that high-throughput screening can be efficiently applied to the selection of promising candidate BSH-active probiotics, which will advance the development of healthcare products in cholesterol metabolism.
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Previous studies demonstrated that putative L. brevis bsh genes clustered into three distinct phylotypes.
“These results were consistent with previous studies that demonstrated that putative L. brevis bsh genes clustered into three distinct phylotypes [9].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
Results §2.2 (page unavailable) assigns four L. brevis BSH copies to four subtypes—A, C, D and E—not three. The three-subtype finding in the same passage concerns L. plantarum. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe presence of multiple bsh orthologs reflects strain-specific adaptations to the intestinal environment.
“BSH activity is widely distributed among gastrointestinal microbes, including various Lactobacillaceae species [5–8], where the presence of multiple bsh orthologs reflects strain-specific adaptations into the intestinal environment [5, 8–10].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports variable numbers of bsh genes and notes that many strains with multiple copies have been reported as bile resistant. Results §2.4 (page unavailable) describes variation among species, but the paper does not establish that multiple orthologs reflect strain-specific adaptation to the intestinal environment; it says bsh gene locations are comparatively conserved among strains of the same species. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGenomic analyses indicate that L. brevis carries multiple bsh gene copies of different subtypes.
“Genomic analyses indicate that L. brevis carries multiple bsh gene copies of different subtypes [9], consistent with observed bile tolerance and cholesterol‐lowering activity in vitro [28–30].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Liang, L., Yi, Y., Lv, Y., Qian, J., Lei, X., & Zhang, G.
- Affiliations
- BGI Group (China) (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Gengyun
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-05-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1157
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6100381
- OpenAlex
- W2799884644
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Shenzhen Municipal Government (No. KY20160306)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Keywords
- bile salt hydrolase, Lactobacillaceae, probiotic bacteria, cholesterol lowering, phylogenetic analysis, genome survey, cholesterol metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Amidohydrolases, Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Enzyme Activation, Lactobacillaceae, Phylogeny, Genome, Bacterial, Catalytic Domain, Genomics
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