Design of Nanotechnological Carriers for Ocular Delivery of Mangiferin: Preformulation Study
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(1) Background: Mangiferin (MGN) is a natural compound, showing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities for the potential treatment of eye diseases. The poor physicochemical features of MGN (low solubility and high instability) justify its nanoencapsulation into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to improve its ocular bioavailability. (2) Methods: Firstly, MGN-NLC were prepared by the high shear homogenization coupled with the ultrasound (HSH−US) method. Finally, unloaded and MGN-loaded NLC were analyzed in terms of ocular tolerance. (3) Results: MGN-NLC showed good technological parameters suitable for ocular administration (particle size below 200 nm). The ORAC assay was performed to quantify the antioxidant activity of MGN, showing that the antioxidant activity of MGN-NLC (6494 ± 186 μM TE/g) was higher than that of the free compound (3521 ± 271 μM TE/g). This confirmed that the encapsulation of the drug was able to preserve and increase its activity. In ovo studies (HET-CAM) revealed that the formulation can be considered nonirritant. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, NLC systems are a promising approach for the ocular delivery of MGN.
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MGF exerts protective effects across a broad spectrum of pathological conditions, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ocular, renal, cardiovascular, dermatological and infectious diseases.
“In addition to its well-characterized roles in diabetes and cancer, MGF exerts protective effects across a broad spectrum of pathological conditions. These include inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ocular, renal, cardiovascular, dermatological and infectious diseases (7,36,106,115-118).”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [116]
The Introduction and Conclusions describe mangiferin’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and its potential for treating eye diseases. They do not establish protective effects across the full list of conditions, particularly neurodegenerative, renal, cardiovascular, dermatological, and infectious diseases. The ocular claim is also stronger than this preformulation study’s finding of potential suitability for ocular delivery. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Santonocito, D., Vivero-Lopez, M., Lauro, M. R., Torrisi, C., Castelli, F., Sarpietro, M. G., & Puglia, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of Salerno (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Santonocito, Debora
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-02-16
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1328
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8880740
- OpenAlex
- W4213142617
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Università di Catania
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Mangiferin and Mango Extracts
- Keywords
- mangiferin, nanostructured lipid carriers, ocular drug delivery, nanoencapsulation, antioxidant activity, ocular tolerance, HET-CAM, high shear homogenization, ultrasonic emulsification, preformulation, eye diseases
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Calorimetry, Drug Carriers, Eye, Hemolysis, Lipids, Particle Size, Solubility, Spectrum Analysis, Molecular Structure, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Xanthones, Nanostructures, Administration, Ophthalmic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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