Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Approaches of Mangiferin: Promises, Reality and Challenges in Cancer Chemotherapy
Open accessAbstract
Mangiferin (MGF), a xanthone derived from Mangifera indica L., initially employed as a nutraceutical, is now being explored extensively for its anticancer potential. Scientists across the globe have explored this bioactive for managing a variety of cancers using validated in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro anticancer potential of this biomolecule on well-established breast cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-23, BEAS-2B cells and MCF-7 is closer to many approved synthetic anticancer agents. However, the solubility and bioavailability of this xanthone are the main challenges, and its oral bioavailability is reported to be less than 2%, and its aqueous solubility is also 0.111 mg/mL. Nano-drug delivery systems have attempted to deliver the drugs at the desired site at a desired rate in desired amounts. Many researchers have explored various nanotechnology-based approaches to provide effective and safe delivery of mangiferin for cancer therapy. Nanoparticles were used as carriers to encapsulate mangiferin, protecting it from degradation and facilitating its delivery to cancer cells. They have attempted to enhance the bioavailability, safety and efficacy of this very bioactive using drug delivery approaches. The present review focuses on the origin and structure elucidation of mangiferin and its derivatives and the benefits of this bioactive. The review also offers insight into the delivery-related challenges of mangiferin and its applications in nanosized forms against cancer. The use of a relatively new deep-learning approach to solve the pharmacokinetic issues of this bioactive has also been discussed. The review also critically analyzes the future hope for mangiferin as a therapeutic agent for cancer management.
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Inconsistent reporting of dose-exposure relationships across preclinical studies complicates cross-study comparisons and dose selection for human studies.
“iv) inconsistent reporting of dose-exposure relationships across preclinical studies (170,171). These issues complicate cross-study comparisons and dose selection for human studies.”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [170]
Section 4, “Challenges in the Clinical Translation” (page unavailable), discusses mangiferin’s low bioavailability and solubility. Section 5 (page unavailable) says patent evaluations lack a standardized approach, but neither passage addresses inconsistent reporting of dose–exposure relationships across preclinical studies or its effect on cross-study comparisons and human dose selection. Searches for those terms found no passage making the attributed point. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Mango “Ataulfo” Peel Extract Improves Metabolic Dysregulation in Prediabetic Wistar Rats
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- Authors
- Sarfraz, M., Khan, A., Batiha, G. E.-S., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Ajiboye, B. O., Kamal, M., Ali, A., Alotaibi, N. M., Aaghaz, S., Siddique, M. I., & Imran, M.
- Affiliations
- Al Ain University (AE)
- Northern Border University (SA)
- Damanhour University (EG)
- Riphah International University (PK)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Federal University Oye Ekiti (NG)
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Taif University (SA)
- Galgotias University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sarfraz, Muhammad
- Imran, Mohd
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-08-21
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4194
- ISSN
- 2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10453289
- OpenAlex
- W4386031769
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, KSA (NBU-FFR-2023-0072)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Mangiferin and Mango Extracts
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Pharmacology and Nanomedicine Research
- Keywords
- mangiferin, xanthones, nanotechnology-based drug delivery, anticancer activity, breast cancer, oral bioavailability, water solubility, nanoparticles, pharmacokinetics, deep learning, nutraceuticals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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