The Eye, Oxidative Damage and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Open accessAbstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have numerous beneficial effects, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. From a metabolic standpoint, the mitochondria play a fundamental role in cellular homeostasis, and oxidative stress can affect their functioning. Indeed, the mitochondria are the main source of ROS, and an imbalance between ROS and antioxidant defenses leads to oxidative stress. In addition, aging, the decline of cellular functions, and continual exposure to light underlie many diseases, particularly those of the eye. Long-term exposure to insults, such as UV light, visible light, ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutics, and environmental toxins, contribute to oxidative damage in ocular tissues and expose the aging eye to considerable risk of pathological consequences of oxidative stress. Ample antioxidant defenses responsible for scavenging free radicals are essential for redox homeostasis in the eye, indeed, eye tissues, starting from the tear film, which normally are exposed to high oxygen levels, have strong antioxidant defenses that are efficient for protecting against ROS-related injuries. On the contrary, instead, the trabecular meshwork is not directly exposed to light and its endothelial cells are poorly equipped with antioxidant defenses. All this makes the eye a target organ of oxidative damage. This review focuses on the role of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human eye, particularly in such pathologies as dry eye, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, in which dietary PUFA supplementation can be a valid therapeutic aid.
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MGF has therapeutic benefits in preclinical models of retinal and lens injury through antioxidant and antiangiogenic mechanisms.
“MGF has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in preclinical models of retinal and lens injury through antioxidant and antiangiogenic mechanisms (127).”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [127]
The Human Eye (§5) discusses oxidative damage to the lens, and the Conclusions (§11) discuss antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids in ocular health. Searches for MGF, mangiferin, and antiangiogenic effects found no passage reporting MGF benefits in preclinical retinal or lens injury models. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Dvoretsky, A. G., Bichkaeva, F. A., Vlasova, O. S., Andronov, S. V., & Dvoretsky, V. G. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12131643 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Baicalein nanoemulsion in situ GEL for dry age-related macular degeneration
Pan, W., Sun, R., Yu, Y., Liu, Y., Mu, Y., Gong, H., Fan, H., Zhang, Y., He, L., He, H., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125494 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cytisine eye drops for benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye: safety and efficacy evaluation
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Dutra, L. M. G., Aquino, J. D. S., Alves, M. E. F., Moura, R. D. L., do Nascimento, Y. M., da Silva, M. S., Tavares, J. F., da Silva, F. A. P., Ferreira, V. C. D. S., de Araujo, W. J., et al. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115063 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dvoretsky, A. G., Bichkaeva, F. A., Vlasova, O. S., & Dvoretsky, V. G. (2024) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106257 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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HSP27 induced glaucomatous damage in mice of young and advanced age
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- Authors
- Saccà, S. C., Cutolo, C. A., Ferrari, D., Corazza, P., & Traverso, C. E.
- Affiliations
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Saccà, Sergio Claudio
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-05-24
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 668
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6024720
- OpenAlex
- W2804346130
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- polyunsaturated fatty acids, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, eye, antioxidants, mitochondrial dysfunction, dry eye, glaucoma, macular degeneration, dietary supplementation, ocular aging, light exposure, trabecular meshwork, redox homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Eye, Eye Diseases, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Humans, Risk Factors, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Dietary Supplements, Protective Factors
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