Effect of probiotics on oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Oral candidiasis (OC) is an increasing health problem due to the introduction of new drugs, population aging, and increasing prevalence of chronic illness. This study systematically reviews the effects of the oral intake of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on Candida spp. counts (colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) in oral and palatal samples. A literature search was conducted. Twelve studies, eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and four pre-post studies, resulted as eligible for the meta-analysis, which was performed through a Bayesian random-effects model. All studies analyzed probiotics, and none of them analyzed prebiotics or synbiotics. The treatments effects were measured in terms of odds ratio (OR) of OC (CFU/mL >102, 103, or 104). The meta-analytic OR was 0.71 (95% credibility interval (CrI): 0.37, 1.32), indicating a beneficial effect of treatment; the I2 index was 56.3%. Focusing only on RCTs, the OR was larger and more precise at 0.53 (95% CrI: 0.27, 0.93). The effect of treatment appeared to be larger on denture wearers. Our findings indicate that the intake of probiotics can have a beneficial effect on OC and that the effects could vary according to the patients’ characteristics. Due to the presence of medium–high-risk studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Probiotic Lactobacillus strains have been reported in vitro and in vivo to be beneficial for candidiasis management, including oral candidiasis.
“Probiotic Lactobacillus strains have been reported in vitro and in vivo to be beneficial for candidiasis management, including oral candidiasis.1,2”
From Aggregation and adhesion ability of various probiotic strains and Candida species: An in vitro study (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Mundula, T., Ricci, F., Barbetta, B., Baccini, M., & Amedei, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Florence (IT)
- Department of Biostatistics, Rottapharm Biotech, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Baccini, Michela
- Amedei, Amedeo
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-10-14
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2449
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6836010
- OpenAlex
- W2979629783
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (FCR 2017)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- oral candidiasis, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, Candida, denture wearers, fungal colonization, oral microbiota
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candidiasis, Oral, Humans, Risk Factors, Probiotics
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