Low-Glycemic Index Diets as an Intervention in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ni, Chunxiao; Jia, Qingqing; Ding, Gangqiang; Wu, Xifeng; Yang, Min

doi:10.3390/nu14020307

Cited by 56Diet and metabolism studiesFood composition and propertiesDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Low-Glycemic Index Diets as an Intervention in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Ni, Chunxiao, Jia, Qingqing, Ding, Gangqiang, Wu, Xifeng, Yang, Min·2022·Nutrients

DOI 10.3390/nu14020307PMC PMC8778967

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Abstract

We aimed to investigate the effects of a low-glycemic index (GI) diet on the body mass and blood glucose of patients with four common metabolic diseases by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing a low-GI diet (LGID) and other types of diet. Search terms relating to population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design were used to search three databases: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We identified 24 studies involving 2002 participants. Random-effects models were used for 16 studies in the meta-analysis and stratified analyses were performed according to the duration of the intervention. The systematic review showed that LGIDs slightly reduced body mass and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). BMI improved more substantially after interventions of >24 weeks and there was no inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.48; mean difference (MD) = −2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.05, −0.98). Overall, an LGID had superior effects to a control diet on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin. When the intervention exceeded 30 days, an LGID reduced FBG more substantially (MD = −0.34, 95% CI: −0.55, −0.12). Thus, for patients with metabolic diseases, an LGID is more effective at controlling body mass and blood glucose than a high-GI or other diet.

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Low-GI diets have been reported to protect against several metabolic diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
“Low-GI diets have been reported to protect against several metabolic diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [10].”
From The Effect of Cooking and Cooling Chickpea Pasta on Resistant Starch Content, Glycemic Response, and Glycemic Index in Healthy Adults (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
The Conclusions report better control of body mass, BMI, and blood-glucose measures with low-GI diets in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. The review studied people who already had these conditions; it does not establish that low-GI diets protect people from developing them. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Research Progress on the Intervention Effect of Low Glycemic Index Diet on Metabolic Diseases
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Authors: Ni, C., Jia, Q., Ding, G., Wu, X., & Yang, M.
Affiliations: Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (CN)
Corresponding author: Yang, Min
ORCID: Ni, Chunxiao
Ding, Gangqiang
Wu, Xifeng
Yang, Min
Venue: Nutrients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2022-01-12
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 307
ISSN: 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020307
PMC: PMC8778967
OpenAlex: W4205684998
Cited by: 56
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4
FWCI: 1.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: the Fundamental Research Fund for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities (2021XZZX029)
the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province (2020E10004)
the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang (2019R01007)
the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2020C03002)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: low glycemic index diet, glycemic index, metabolic disorders, body mass, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, weight loss, dietary intervention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diet, Diabetic, Diet, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Glycemic Index, Young Adult

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Low-Glycemic Index Diets as an Intervention in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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