The use of low-glycaemic index diets in diabetes control
Open accessAbstract
The aim of diabetes management is to normalise blood glucose levels since improved blood glucose control is associated with fewer complications. Food affects blood glucose levels; however, there is no universal approach to the optimal diabetic diet and there is controversy about the usefulness of the low-glycaemic index (GI) diet. To assess the effects of low-GI diets on glycaemic control in diabetes, we conducted electronic searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. We assessed randomised controlled trials (RCT) with interventions >4 weeks that compared a low-GI diet with a higher-GI diet for type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Twelve RCT (n 612) were identified. There was a significant decrease in glycated Hb (HbA1c) with low-GI diet than with the control diet, indicating improved glycaemic control (seven trials,n 457, weighted mean difference (WMD) − 0·4 % HbA1c, 95 % CI − 0·7, − 0·20,P = 0·001). In four studies reporting the results for glycaemic control as fructosamine, three of which were 6 weeks or less in duration, pooled data showed a decrease in fructosamine (WMD − 0·23 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·47, 0·00,P = 0·05),n 141, with low-GI diet than with high-GI diet. Glycosylated albumin levels decreased significantly with low-GI diet, but not with high-GI diet, in one study that reported this outcome. Lowering the GI of the diet may contribute to improved glycaemic control in diabetes.
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Patients with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or atherogenic dyslipidemia may benefit most from reducing refined carbohydrates and increasing proteins and vegetable fats.
“Similarly, patients with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or atherogenic dyslipidemia may also benefit most from reducing refined carbohydrates and increasing proteins and vegetable fats.91-93”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [91]
Patients with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or atherogenic dyslipidemia may benefit most from reducing refined carbohydrates and increasing proteins and vegetable fats.
“Similarly, patients with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or atherogenic dyslipidemia may also benefit most from reducing refined carbohydrates and increasing proteins and vegetable fats.91-93”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [92]
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- Authors
- Thomas, D. E., & Elliott, E. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, D. E.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-04-27
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 797-802
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2091101983
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (457084)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- low glycemic index diet, glycemic control, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, fructosamine, glycated albumin, diabetic diet, blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Albumins, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Fructosamine, Glycemic Index
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