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Cited by 23Nutrition and Health in AgingGut microbiota and healthMuscle Physiology and Disorders

The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review

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Barry, David J., Wu, Sam S. X., Cooke, Matthew B.·2024·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu17010081PMC PMC11722951
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Abstract

Background: Recent evidence suggests that sarcopenia and subsequent changes in muscle mass and functional outcomes are linked to disruption to the gastrointestinal microbiota composition and/or function via the microbiota-gut-muscle axis. Despite growing interest, few studies have systemically analysed (1) the relationship between the gut microbiota, muscle mass and physical performance and (2) the effects of gut-modulating dietary interventions on these outcomes within older individuals with or without sarcopenia. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus) were searched for articles published from the year 2004 until July 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist were utilised to evaluate the risk of bias within intervention and observational studies, respectively. Results: A total of 20 studies (14 observational and 6 interventional) involving 4071 older participants (mean age 69.9 years, 51.6% female) were included. There was significant heterogeneity regarding interventions and outcome measures used in these studies. Correlations between microbiota diversity and composition and sarcopenia-related functional outcomes were observed. Interventional studies targeting the gut microbiota resulted in improved muscle strength, body composition or physical function in some, but not all, studies. Conclusions: Despite limitations in the studies reviewed, the findings provide further evidence that the development of sarcopenia is likely influenced by an altered gut microbial environment and that interventions targeting the microbiome could hold therapeutic potential for the treatment or management of sarcopenia.

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  • Modifying the gut microbiota through bacterial depletion, fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, or SCFAs can directly alter muscle phenotype.

    “A recent systematic review concluded that modifying the gut microbiota through bacterial depletion, fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, or SCFAs can directly alter muscle phenotype [87].”

    From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [87]

    The Introduction reports that probiotics enhanced muscle mass and strength in preclinical studies and that butyrate increased lean muscle mass in aged mice. Discussion §4.1 reports mixed results for probiotic and prebiotic interventions in older people and cautions that their mechanisms are uncertain. The review does not establish direct effects on muscle phenotype across all the listed approaches; the passages do not address bacterial depletion or fecal transplantation. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Authors
Barry, D. J., Wu, S. S. X., & Cooke, M. B.
Affiliations
  • Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
  • La Trobe University (AU)
Corresponding author
  • Barry, David J.
  • Cooke, Matthew B.
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-12-28
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
81
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu17010081
PMC
PMC11722951
OpenAlex
W4405974122
Cited by
23
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 12
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
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  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
gut microbiota, sarcopenia, muscle mass, physical function, older adults, dietary intervention, microbiota-targeted interventions, muscle strength, body composition, microbiome diversity
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Physical Functional Performance, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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