Gut microbiota and aging
Abstract
The potential for the gut microbiota to affect health has a particular relevance for older individuals. This is because the microbiota may modulate aging-related changes in innate immunity, sarcopaenia, and cognitive function, all of which are elements of frailty. Both cell culture–dependent and –independent studies show that the gut microbiota of older people differs from that of younger adults. There is no chronological threshold or age at which the composition of the microbiota suddenly alters; rather, changes occur gradually with time. Our detailed analyses have separated the microbiota into groups associated with age, long-term residential care, habitual diet, and degree of retention of a core microbiome. We are beginning to understand how these groups change with aging and how they relate to clinical phenotypes. These data provide a framework for analyzing microbiota-health associations, distinguishing correlation from causation, identifying microbiota interaction with physiological aging processes, and developing microbiota-based health surveillance for older adults.
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Changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with increased frailty, possibly due to gut dysbiosis-induced inflammation.
“Of note, changes in gut microbiota composition have been shown to be associated with increased frailty74–76, which could be owing to gut dysbiosis-induced inflammation.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [75]
Changes in the aging intestinal microbiota can adversely affect host metabolism and immunity and are associated with development of cardiovascular, autoimmune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders.
“These changes can adversely affect the host metabolism and immunity [25–27, 40, 64, 86, 110, 112, 118] and are associated with the development of cardiovascular, autoimmune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders [17, 90, 122, 132].”
From Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
Aging is associated with reduced microbiota biodiversity, increased inter-individual variability, and over-representation of pathobionts.
“Increased inter-individual variability of composition, reduced biodiversity, and overgrowth of pathobionts are the main features of the elder microbiota [41,42]”
From Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
Diversity levels of the GM differ with aging, with a reduction in the number of different bacterial species present and changes in the relative abundance of different bacterial phyla, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and an increase in potentially harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria.
“There is also evidence that the diversity levels of the GM differ with aging, with a reduction in the number of different bacterial species present and changes in the relative abundance of different bacterial phyla, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and an increase in potentially harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria (93–96).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [94]
The composition of the gut microbiome plays a role in host longevity.
“There is increasing evidence that the composition of the gut microbiome plays a role in host longevity.”
From Senolytic Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin Alleviates Intestinal Senescence and Inflammation and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Aged Mice (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
The microbiota play a contributing role in certain types of age-related dysfunction, such as changes in innate immunity, sarcopenia, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction.
“In particular context to host aging, the microbiota appear to play a contributing role in certain types of age-related dysfunction, such as changes in innate immunity, sarcopenia, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction (16).”
From Senolytic Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin Alleviates Intestinal Senescence and Inflammation and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Aged Mice (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
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Ianiro, G., Porcari, S., Bibbò, S., Giambò, F., Quaranta, G., Masucci, L., Sanguinetti, M., Gasbarrini, A., & Cammarota, G. (2021) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2021.04.009 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pekkala, S., Lensu, S., Nokia, M., Vanhatalo, S., Koch, L. G., Britton, S. L., & Kainulainen, H. (2017) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00081.2017 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Buawangpong, N., Pinyopornpanish, K., Phrommintikul, A., Chindapan, N., Devahastin, S., Chattipakorn, N., & Chattipakorn, S. C. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo02021a · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models
Sanchez, M. M., Bagdasarian, I. A., Darch, W., & Morgan, J. T. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204361 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dai, L., Schurgers, L., Shiels, P. G., & Stenvinkel, P. (2021) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20201452 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- O’Toole, P. W., & Jeffery, I. B.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- O’Toole, Paul W.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2015-12-04
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 6265
- Pages
- 1214-1215
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2193546234
- Cited by
- 1,202
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 149 · 2021: 157 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 30
- FWCI
- 24.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, aging, older adults, frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive function, innate immunity, core microbiome, long-term residential care, diet
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Feeding Behavior, Health, Humans, Frail Elderly
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