Protein-Pacing from Food or Supplementation Improves Physical Performance in Overweight Men and Women: The PRISE 2 Study
Open accessAbstract
We recently reported that protein-pacing (P; six meals/day @ 1.4 g/kg body weight (BW), three of which included whey protein (WP) supplementation) combined with a multi-mode fitness program consisting of resistance, interval sprint, stretching, and endurance exercise training (RISE) improves body composition in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to extend these findings and determine whether protein-pacing with only food protein (FP) is comparable to WP supplementation during RISE training on physical performance outcomes in overweight/obese individuals. Thirty weight-matched volunteers were prescribed RISE training and a P diet derived from either whey protein supplementation (WP, n = 15) or food protein sources (FP, n = 15) for 16 weeks. Twenty-one participants completed the intervention (WP, n = 9; FP, n = 12). Measures of body composition and physical performance were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05), with no effect of protein source. Likewise, markers of cardiometabolic disease risk (e.g., LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups. These results demonstrate that both whey protein and food protein sources combined with multimodal RISE training are equally effective at improving physical performance and cardiometabolic health in obese individuals.
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Conflicting findings exist between longitudinal studies that provided protein feedings in close proximity to each other.
“conflicting findings exist between longitudinal studies that did provide protein feedings in close proximity to each other [16, 110, 153]”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing (2017) · cites this paper as [153]
The Experimental Design section describes a 16-week intervention with six protein-containing meals per day, evenly spaced throughout the day, so this paper is an example of a longitudinal study with frequent protein feedings. It does not establish conflicting findings between studies on the proximity of those feedings; the disagreement noted in the Introduction concerns whey protein versus other protein sources. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Arciero, P., Edmonds, R., Bunsawat, K., Gentile, C., Ketcham, C., Darin, C., Renna, M., Zheng, Q., Zhang, J., & Ormsbee, M.
- Affiliations
- Skidmore College (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arciero, Paul
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-05-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 288
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4882701
- OpenAlex
- W2358267883
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- whey protein supplementation, food proteins, physical performance, overweight, obesity, resistance training, body composition, cardiometabolic health, insulin, adiponectin, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Dietary Supplements, Overweight, Physical Conditioning, Human
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