Plant Secondary Metabolites against Skin Photodamage: Mexican Plants, a Potential Source of UV-Radiation Protectant Molecules
Open accessAbstract
Human skin works as a barrier against the adverse effects of environmental agents, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Exposure to UVR is associated with a variety of harmful effects on the skin, and it is one of the most common health concerns. Solar UVR constitutes the major etiological factor in the development of cutaneous malignancy. However, more than 90% of skin cancer cases could be avoided with appropriate preventive measures such as regular sunscreen use. Plants, constantly irradiated by sunlight, are able to synthesize specialized molecules to fight against UVR damage. Phenolic compounds, alkaloids and carotenoids constitute the major plant secondary metabolism compounds with relevant UVR protection activities. Hence, plants are an important source of molecules used to avoid UVR damage, reduce photoaging and prevent skin cancers and related illnesses. Due to its significance, we reviewed the main plant secondary metabolites related to UVR protection and its reported mechanisms. In addition, we summarized the research in Mexican plants related to UV protection. We presented the most studied Mexican plants and the photoprotective molecules found in them. Additionally, we analyzed the studies conducted to elucidate the mechanism of photoprotection of those molecules and their potential use as ingredients in sunscreen formulas.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oral photoprotectants do not offer full skin protection, but they provide a boost to set photoprotection in motion in living organisms.
“Also, oral photoprotectants do not offer full skin protection, but they provide a boost to set photoprotection in motion in living organisms (Torres-Contreras et al. 2022).”
From Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review (2024) · cites this paper as Torres-Contreras et al. 2022
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 183 · Cited by 46
Research works printed but not linked: 154
- [1]Narayanan D.L. Saladi R.N. Fox J.L. Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer Int. J. Dermatol. 2010 49 978 986 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x 20883261 · DOI
- [2]Matsumura Y. Ananthaswamy H.N. Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin Toxicol. Appl. 2004 195 298 308 10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019 15020192 · DOI · Paper page
- [3]Young C. Solar ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer Occup. Med. 2009 59 82 88 10.1093/occmed/kqn170 19233827 · DOI
- [4]Guy G.P. Thomas C.C. Thompson T. Watson M. Massetti G.M. Richardson L.C. Vital signs: Melanoma incidence and mortality trends and projections—United States, 1982–2030 Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2015 64 591 596 PMC4584771 26042651
- [5]American Cancer Society Cancer Facts and Figures 2020 American Cancer Society Atlanta, GA, USA 2020 PMC7848816 33532112
- [8]Guy G.P. Machlin S. Ekwueme D.U. Yabroff K.R. Prevalence and costs of skin cancer treatment in the US, 2002–2006 and 2007–2011 Am. J. Prev. Med. 2015 48 183 187 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.036 25442229 PMC4603424 · DOI
- [10]Green A.C. Williams G.M. Logan V. Strutton G.M. Reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use: Randomized trial follow-up J. Clin. Oncol. 2011 29 257 263 10.1200/JCO.2010.28.7078 21135266 · DOI · Paper page
- [12]Mishra A.K. Mishra A. Chattopadhyay P. Herbal cosmeceuticals for photoprotection from ultraviolet B radiation: A review Tropical. J. Pharm. Res. 2011 10 10.4314/tjpr.v10i3.7 · DOI
- [13]Adhami V.M. Syed D.N. Khan N. Afaq F. Phytochemicals for prevention of solar ultraviolet radiation-induced damages Photochm. Photobiol. 2008 84 489 500 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00293.x 18266816 · DOI
- [14]Cavinato M. Waltenberger B. Baraldo G. Grade C.V. Stuppner H. Jansen-Dürr P. Plant extracts and natural compounds used against UVB-induced photoaging Biogerontology 2017 18 499 516 10.1007/s10522-017-9715-7 28702744 PMC5514221 · DOI · Paper page
- [15]Radice M. Manfredini S. Ziosi P. Dissette V. Buso P. Fallacara A. Vertuani S. Herbal extracts, lichens and biomolecules as natural photo-protection alternatives to synthetic UV filters. A systematic review Fitoterapia 2016 114 144 162 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.003 27642040 · DOI
- [17]Watson M. Holman D.M. Maguire-Eisen M. Ultraviolet radiation exposure and its impact on skin cancer risk Semin. Oncol. Nurs. 2016 32 241 254 10.1016/j.soncn.2016.05.005 27539279 PMC5036351 · DOI
- [19]Hidaka H. Horikoshi S. Serpone N. Knowland J. In vitro photochemical damage to DNA, RNA, and their bases by an inorganic sunscreen agent on exposure to UVA and UVB radiation J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 1997 111 205 213 10.1016/S1010-6030(97)00229-3 · DOI
- [20]Mergny M. Mergny J.L. Bertrand F. Santus R. Mazière C. Dubertret L. Mazière J.C. Ultraviolet-A induces activation of AP-1 in cultured human keratinocytes FEBS Lett. 1996 384 92 96 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00294-3 8797811 · DOI
- [21]Siwik D.A. Pagano P.J. Colucci W.S. Oxidative stress regulates collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiac fibroblasts Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 2001 280 53 60 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.1.C53 11121376 · DOI
- [22]Cavinato M. Jansen-Dürr P. Molecular mechanisms of UVB-induced senescence of dermal fibroblasts and its relevance for photoaging of the human skin Exp. Gerontol. 2017 94 78 82 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.009 28093316 · DOI · Paper page
- [23]Cavinato M. Koziel R. Romani N. Weinmüllner R. Jenewein B. Hermann M. Dubrac S. Ratzinger G. Grialli J. Schmuth M. UVB-induced senescence of human dermal fibroblasts involves impairment of proteasome and enhanced autophagic activity J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2016 72 632 639 10.1093/gerona/glw150 27516623 · DOI
- [24]Solano F. Photoprotection and skin pigmentation: Melanin-related molecules and some other new agents obtained from natural sources Molecules 2020 25 1537 10.3390/molecules25071537 PMC7180973 32230973 · DOI
- [26]Parrado C. Philips N. Gilaberte Y. Juarranz A. González S. Oral photoprotection: Effective agents and potential candidates Front. Med. 2018 5 188 10.3389/fmed.2018.00188 29998107 PMC6028556 · DOI
- [27]Chen A.C. Damian D.L. Halliday G.M. Oral and systemic photoprotection Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2014 30 102 111 10.1111/phpp.12100 24313740 · DOI
- [28]Gonzalez S. Gilaberte Y. Philips N. Juarranz A. Current trends in photoprotection-A new generation of oral photoprotectors Open Dermatol. J. 2011 5 6 14 10.2174/1874372201105010006 · DOI
- [30]Tundis R. Loizzo M.R. Bonesi M. Menichini F. Potential role of natural compounds against skin aging Curr. Med. Chem. 2015 22 1515 1538 10.2174/0929867322666150227151809 25723509 · DOI · Paper page
- [32]Allemann I.B. Baumann L. Botanicals in skin care products Int. J. Dermatol. 2009 48 923 934 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04081.x 19702974 · DOI
- [33]Chen L. Hu J.Y. Wang S.Q. The role of antioxidants in photoprotection: A critical review J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2012 67 1013 1024 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.02.009 22406231 · DOI · Paper page
- [34]Dean J.C. Kusaka R. Walsh P.S. Allais F. Zwier T.S. Plant sunscreens in the UV-B: Ultraviolet spectroscopy of jet-cooled sinapoyl malate, sinapic acid, and sinapate ester derivatives J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014 136 14780 14795 10.1021/ja5059026 25295994 · DOI
- [35]Chopra D. Singh J. Srivastav A.K. Dubey D. Ray R.S. Gupta K.C. Protective Role of Phytochemicals Against UVR Photocarcinogenesis & Photoprotection Ray R.S. Haldar C. Dwivedi A. Argawal N. Singh J. Springer Singapore 2018 129 139
- [36]Działo M. Mierziak J. Korzun U. Preisner M. Szopa J. Kulma A. The potential of plant phenolics in prevention and therapy of skin disorders Int. J. Mol. 2016 17 160 10.3390/ijms17020160 PMC4783894 26901191 · DOI
- [38]Stahl W. Sies H. Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 2005 1740 101 107 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.006 15949675 · DOI
- [39]Cefali L.C. Ataide J.A. Moriel P. Foglio M.A. Mazzola P.G. Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2016 38 346 353 10.1111/ics.12316 26919163 · DOI · Paper page
- [40]Svobodová A. Psotová J. Walterová D. Natural phenolics in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. A review Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky. Olomouc. Czech Repub. 2003 147 137 145 10.5507/bp.2003.019 15037894 · DOI
- [42]Soobrattee M.A. Neergheen V.S. Luximon-Ramma A. Aruoma O.I. Bahorun T. Phenolics as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: Mechanism and actions Mutat. Res. 2005 579 200 213 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.03.023 16126236 · DOI
- [43]Cadet J. Sage E. Douki T. Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA Mutat. Res. 2005 571 3 17 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.012 15748634 · DOI · Paper page
- [44]Alov P. Tsakovska I. Pajeva I. Computational studies of free radical-scavenging properties of phenolic compounds Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2015 15 85 104 10.2174/1568026615666141209143702 25547098 PMC4462847 · DOI
- [45]Maroon J.C. Bost J.W. Maroon A. Natural anti-inflammatory agents for pain relief Surg. Neurol. Int. 2010 1 1 80 21206541 PMC3011108
- [46]Alarcón de la Lastra C. Villegas I. Resveratrol as an anti-inflammatory and antiaging agent: Mechanisms and clinical implications Mol. Nut. Food Res. 2005 49 405 430 10.1002/mnfr.200500022 15832402 · DOI
- [47]Dudonne S. Coutiere P. Woillez M. Merillon J.M. Vitrac X. DNA macro array study of skin aging-related genes expression modulation by antioxidant plant extracts on a replicative senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts Phytother. Res. 2011 25 686 693 10.1002/ptr.3308 21077257 · DOI
- [48]Karim A.A. Azlan A. Ismail A. Hashim P. Abd Gani S.S. Zainudin B.H. Abdullah N.A. Phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2014 14 381 25292439 PMC4195981
- [49]Kaur P. Purewal S.S. Sandhu K.S. Kaur M. DNA damage protection: An excellent application of bioactive compounds Bioresour. Bioproces. 2019 6 1 11 10.1186/s40643-019-0237-9 · DOI
- [50]Hwang E. Park S. Lee H.J. Lee T.Y. Sun Z. Yi T.H. Gallic Acid Regulates Skin Photoaging in UVB-exposed Fibroblast and Hairless Mice Phytother. Res. 2014 28 1778 1788 10.1002/ptr.5198 25131997 · DOI
- [51]Daré R.G. Nakamura C.V. Ximenes V.F. Lautenschlager S.O.S. Tannic acid, a promising anti-photoaging agent: Evidences of its antioxidant and anti-wrinkle potentials, and its ability to prevent photodamage and MMP-1 expression in L929 fibroblasts exposed to UVB Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2020 160 342 355 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.019 32858160 · DOI
- [52]Stevanato R. Bertelle M. Fabris S. Photoprotective characteristics of natural antioxidant polyphenols Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 2014 69 71 77 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.014 24607767 · DOI
- [53]Saija A. Tomatino A. Lo Cascio R. Trombetta D. Proteggente A. De Pasquale A. Uccella N. Bonina F. Ferulic and caffeic acids as potential protective agents against photooxidative skin damage J. Sci. Food Agric. 1999 79 476 480 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(19990301)79:3<476::AID-JSFA270>3.0.CO;2-L · DOI
- [56]Ross J.A. Kasum C.M. Dietary flavonoids: Bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2002 22 19 34 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957 12055336 · DOI
- [58]Katiyar S.K. Afaq F.K. Azizuddin H.M. Inhibition of UVB-induced oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2002 176 110 117 10.1006/taap.2001.9276 11601887 · DOI
- [59]Afaq F. Adhami V.M. Ahmad N. Mukhtar H. Inhibition of ultraviolet B-mediated activation of nuclear factor kappaB in normal human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea constituent (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate Oncogene 2003 22 1035 1044 10.1038/sj.onc.1206206 12592390 · DOI
- [60]Mittal A. Piyathilake C. Hara Y. Katiyar S.K. Exceptionally high protection of photocarcinogenesis by topical application of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in hydrophilic cream in SKH-1 hairless mouse model: Relationship to inhibition of UVB-induced global DNA hypomethylation Neoplasia 2003 5 555 565 10.1016/S1476-5586(03)80039-8 14965448 PMC1502572 · DOI
- [61]Britton G. Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function FASEB J. 1995 9 1551 1558 10.1096/fasebj.9.15.8529834 8529834 · DOI
- [63]Fahey J.W. Stephenson K.K. Dinkova-Kostova A.T. Egner P.A. Kensler T.W. Talalay P. Chlorophyll, chlorophyllin and related tetrapyrroles are significant inducers of mammalian phase 2 cytoprotective genes Carcinogenesis 2005 26 1247 1255 10.1093/carcin/bgi068 15774490 · DOI
- [64]Stahl W. Sies H. Photoprotection by dietary carotenoids: Concept, mechanisms, evidence and future development Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2012 56 287 295 10.1002/mnfr.201100232 21953695 · DOI
- [67]Fazekas Z. Gao D. Saladi R.N. Lu Y. Lebwohl M. Wei H. Protective effects of lycopene against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage Nutr. Cancer 2003 47 181 187 10.1207/s15327914nc4702_11 15087271 · DOI
- [68]Sopyan I. Gozali D. Tiassetiana S. Formulation of tomato extracts (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a sunscreen lotion Natl. J. Physiol. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2018 8 453 458 10.5455/njppp.2017.7.1039921112017 · DOI
- [69]Ziegler J. Facchini P.J. Alkaloid biosynthesis: Metabolism and trafficking Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2008 59 735 769 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092730 18251710 · DOI
- [70]Scapagnini G. Davinelli S. Di Renzo L. De Lorenzo A. Olarte H.H. Micali G. Cicero A.F. Gonzalez S. Cocoa bioactive compounds: Significance and potential for the maintenance of skin health Nutrients 2014 6 3202 3213 10.3390/nu6083202 25116848 PMC4145303 · DOI
- [71]Zajdela F. Latarjet R. Inhibition of skin carcinogenesis in vivo by caffeine and other agents Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 1978 50 33 40 753971
- [72]Lu Y.P. Lou Y.R. Lin Y. Shih W.J. Huang M.T. Yang C.S. Conney A.H. Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice): Relationship to decreased tissue fat Cancer Res. 2001 61 5002 5009 11431333
- [73]Lu Y.P. Nolan B. Lou Y.R. Peng Q.Y. Wagner G.C. Conney A.H. Voluntary exercise together with oral caffeine markedly stimulates UVB light-induced apoptosis and decreases tissue fat in SKH-1 mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007 104 936 941 10.1073/pnas.0705839104 PMC1937570 17664435 · DOI
- [74]Song F. Qureshi A.A. Han J. Increased caffeine intake is associated with reduced risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin Cancer Res. 2012 72 3282 3289 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3511 22752299 · DOI
- [75]Lou Y. Peng Q. Li T. Nolan B. Bernard J.J. Wagner G.C. Lin Y. Shih W.J. Conny A.H. Lou Y.P. Oral caffeine during voluntary exercise markedly inhibits skin carcinogenesis and decreases inflammatory cytokines in UVB-treated mice Nutr. Cancer 2013 65 1002 1013 10.1080/01635581.2013.812224 24070239 PMC3830615 · DOI
- [76]Han W. Ming M. He Y.Y. Caffeine promotes ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes without complete DNA repair J. Biol. Chem. 2011 286 22825 22832 10.1074/jbc.M111.222349 21561856 PMC3123050 · DOI
- [77]Conney A.H. Kramata P. Lou Y.R. Lu Y.P. Effect of caffeine on UVB-induced carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and the elimination of UVB-induced patches of p53 mutant epidermal cells in SKH-1 mice Photochem. Photobiol. 2008 84 330 338 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00263.x 18179623 · DOI
- [78]Rosado C. Tokunaga V.K. Sauce R. de Oliveira C.A. Sarruf F.D. Parise-Filho R. Maurício E. Santos de Almeida T. Robles M.V. Baby A.R. Another reason for using caffeine in dermocosmetics: Sunscreen adjuvant Front. Physiol. 2019 10 519 10.3389/fphys.2019.00519 31130869 PMC6509748 · DOI · Paper page
- [79]Khan S. Ullah H. Zhang L. Review: Bioactive constituents from Buddleja species Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2019 32 721 741 31081788
- [81]Tatli I.I. Kahraman C. Akdemin Z.S. Therapeutic activities of selected Scrophulariaceae and Buddlejaceae species and their secondary metabolites against neurodegenerative diseases Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease. Prevention and Therapy 1st ed. Ross R.W. Preedy V.R. Academic Press London, UK 2015 95 111
- [83]Avila J.G.A. Castañeda C.M.C. Benitez F.J.C. Durán D.A. Barroso V.R. Martínez C.G. Muñoz L.J. Martínez C.A. Romo De Vivar A. Photoprotective Activity of Buddleja scordioides Fitoterapia 2005 76 301 309 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.009 15890460 · DOI
- [84]Avila Acevedo J.G. Espinosa González A.M. Campos D.M.D.M. Benitez Flores J.C. Delgado T.H. Maya S.F. Contreras J.C. López J.L.M. García Bores A.M. Photoprotection of Buddleja cordata extract against UVB-Induced skin damage in SKH-1 hairless mice BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2014 14 1 9 10.1186/1472-6882-14-281 25086781 PMC4131034 · DOI
- [86]Kostyuk V.A. Potapovich A.I. Lulli D. Stancato A. De Luca C. Pastore S. Korkina L. Modulation of human keratinocyte responses to solar UV by plant polyphenols as a basis for chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancers Curr. Med. Chem. 2013 20 869 879 23210792
- [87]Gómez-Hernández M.A. Flores-Merino M.V. Sánchez-Flores J.E. Burrola-Aguilar C. Zepeda-Gómez C. Nieto-Trujillo A. Estrada-Zúñiga M.E. Photoprotective activity of Buddleja cordata cell culture methanolic extract on UVB-irradiated 3T3-swiss albino Fibroblasts Plants 2021 10 266 10.3390/plants10020266 33573194 PMC7912278 · DOI
- [88]Flagel L.E. Rapp R.A. Grover C.E. Widrlechner M.P. Hawkins J. Grafenberg J.L. Álvarez I. Gyu Y.C. Wendel J.F. Phylogenetic, Morphological, and chemotaxonomic incongruence in the north american endemic genus Echinacea Am. J. Bot. 2008 95 756 765 10.3732/ajb.0800049 21632401 · DOI
- [89]Barrett B. Medicinal Properties of Echinacea: A Critical Review Phytomedicine 2003 10 66 86 10.1078/094471103321648692 12622467 · DOI
- [90]Huntley A.L. Coon J.T. Ernst E. The Safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: A Systematic Review Drug Saf. 2005 28 387 400 10.2165/00002018-200528050-00003 15853441 · DOI
- [91]Sparavigna A. Tenconi B. De Ponti I. Preliminary open-label clinical evaluation of the soothing and reepithelialization properties of a novel topical formulation for rosacea Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 2014 7 275 283 10.2147/CCID.S69410 PMC4216025 25368529 · DOI
- [93]Matsui M.S. Hsia A. Miller J.D. Hanneman K. Scull H. Cooper K.D. Baron E. Non-Sunscreen photoprotection: Antioxidants add value to a sunscreen J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 2009 14 56 59 10.1038/jidsymp.2009.14 19675555 · DOI · Paper page
- [94]Wu Y. Matsui M.S. Chen J.Z.S. Jin X. Shu C.M. Jin G.Y. Dong G.H. Wang Y.K. Gao X.H. Chen H.D. Antioxidants add protection to a broad-spectrum sunscreen Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2010 36 178 187 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03916.x 20804506 · DOI
- [95]Pellati F. Benvenuti S. Magro L. Melegari M. Soragni F. Analysis of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity of Echinacea spp J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004 35 289 301 10.1016/S0731-7085(03)00645-9 15063463 · DOI
- [96]Fu R. Zhang P. Deng Z. Jin G. Zhang Y. Chicoric acid provides better ultraviolet protection than the sum of its substrates in purple coneflower plants Ind. Crop. Prod. 2021 170 113778 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113778 · DOI
- [97]Merali S. Binns S. Paulin-Levasseur M. Ficker C. Smith M. Baum B. Brovell E. Arnason J.T. Antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity of the genus Echinacea Pharm. Biol. 2003 41 412 420 10.1076/phbi.41.6.412.17828 · DOI
- [98]Yotsawimonwat S. Rattanadechsakul J. Rattanadechsakul P. Okonogi S. Skin improvement and stability of Echinacea purpurea dermatological formulations Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2010 32 340 346 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00559.x 20384903 · DOI
- [99]Konovalov D.A. Polyacetylene compounds of plants of the Asteraceae family Pharm. Chem. J. 2014 48 613 631 10.1007/s11094-014-1159-7 · DOI
- [100]Chen L.Y. Hu A. Chang C.J. The degradation mechanism of toxic atractyloside in herbal medicines by decoction Molecules 2013 18 2018 2028 10.3390/molecules18022018 23385339 PMC6270218 · DOI
- [101]Oficial Journal of the European Union Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32010D0030&qid=1641426346120 (accessed on 5 January 2021)
- [102]Bazylko A. Borzym J. Parzonko A. Determination of in vitro antioxidant and UV-protecting activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Galinsoga parviflora and Galinsoga quadriradiata herb J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2015 149 189 195 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.010 26092182 · DOI
- [103]Parzonko A. Kiss A.K. Caffeic acid derivatives isolated from Galinsoga parviflora herb protected human dermal fibroblasts from UVA radiation Phytomedicine 2019 57 215 222 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.022 30785017 · DOI
- [105]Fowler M.W. Plants, medicines and man J. Sci. Food Agr. 2006 86 1797 1804 10.1002/jsfa.2598 · DOI
- [106]Eichenfield L.F. McCollum A. Msika P. The benefits of sunflower oleodistillate (SOD) in pediatric dermatology Pediatr. Dermatol. 2009 26 669 675 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2009.01042.x 20199440 · DOI
- [107]Msika P. De Belilovsky C. Piccardi N. Chebassier N. Baudouin C. Chadoutaud B. New emollient with topical corticosteroid-sparing effect in treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis: SCORAD and quality of life improvement Pediatr. Dermatol. 2008 25 606 612 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00783.x 19067864 · DOI
- [108]Hwang E. Gao W. Xiao Y.K. Ngo H.T.T. Yi H.Y. Helianthus annuus L. flower prevents UVB-induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblasts by regulating the MAPK/AP-1, NFAT, and Nrf2 signaling pathways J. Cell. Biochem. 2019 120 1 12 10.1002/jcb.27417 30195253 · DOI
- [109]Arianto A. Cindy C. Preparation and evaluation of sunflower oil nanoemulsion as a sunscreen Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2019 7 3757 3761 10.3889/oamjms.2019.497 PMC7048364 32127969 · DOI
- [111]Arteaga S. Cetto A. Cardenas R. Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), an abundant plant of Mexican and US-American deserts and its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 98 231 239 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.002 15814253 · DOI
- [112]McCormick D.L. Spicer A.M. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid suppression of rat mammary carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea Cancer Lett. 1987 37 139 146 10.1016/0304-3835(87)90156-X 3119189 · DOI
- [113]Athar M. Raza H. Bickers D.R. Mukhtar H. Inhibition of benzoyl peroxide–mediated tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene–initiated skin of Sencar mice by antioxidants nordihydroguaiaretic acid and diallyl sulfide J. Investig. Dermatol. 1990 94 162 165 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12874431 2105358 · DOI
- [114]Ohkawa Y. Iwata K. Shibuya J. Inui N. Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in mouse peritoneal macrophages by various tumor promotion inhibitors Cancer Lett. 1985 27 45 52 10.1016/0304-3835(85)90007-2 2988756 · DOI
- [115]Park S. Lee D.K. Yang C.H. Inhibition of fos-jun-DNA complex formation by dihydroguaiaretic acid and in vitro cytotoxic effects on cancer cells Cancer Lett. 1998 127 23 28 10.1016/S0304-3835(97)00543-0 9619854 · DOI
- [116]Kemal C. Louis-Flamberg P. Krupinski-Olsen R. Shorter A.L. Reductive inactivation of soybean lipoxygenase 1 by catechols: A possible mechanism for regulation of lipoxygenase activity Biochemistry 1987 26 7064 7072 10.1021/bi00396a031 3122826 · DOI
- [118]Gonzales M. Bowden G.T. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid–Mediated Inhibition of Ultraviolet B–Induced Activator Protein-1 Activation in Human Keratinocytes Mol. Carcinog. 2002 34 102 111 10.1002/mc.10052 12112316 · DOI
- [119]Pascual M.E. Slowing K. Carretero E. Sánchez Mata D. Villar A. Lippia: Traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology: A review J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001 76 201 214 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00234-3 11448540 · DOI
- [120]Hernández T. Canales M. Avila J.G. Duran A. Caballero J. Romo de Vivar A. Lira R. Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla (México) J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003 88 181 188 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 12963140 · DOI
- [121]Leyva-López N. Nair V. Bang W.Y. Cisneros-Zevallos L. Heredia J.B. Protective role of terpenes and polyphenols from three species of Oregano (Lippia graveolens, Lippia palmeri and Hedeoma patens) on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells J. Ethnopharmacol. 2016 187 302 312 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.051 27131433 · DOI
- [122]García-Bores A.M. Espinosa-González A.M. Reyna-Campos A. Cruz-Toscano S. Benítez-Flores J.C. Hernández-Delgado C.T. Flores-Maya S. Urzúa-Meza M. Peñalosa-Castro I. Céspedes-Acuña C.L. Lippia graveolens photochemopreventive effect against UVB radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 2017 167 72 81 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.014 28039793 · DOI
- [123]García Forero A. Villamizar Mantilla D.A. Núñez L.A. Ocazionez R.E. Stashenko E.E. Fuentes J.L. Photoprotective and antigenotoxic effects of the flavonoids apigenin, naringenin and pinocembrin Photochem. Photobiol. 2019 95 1010 1018 10.1111/php.13085 30636010 · DOI
- [125]Anderson W.R. Origins of Mexican Malpighiaceae Acta Bot. Mex. 2013 104 107 156 10.21829/abm104.2013.60 · DOI
- [126]Da Silva Nunes R. Silva Kahl V.F. Da Silva Sarmento M. Richter M.F. Abin-Carriquiry J.A. Martinez M.M. De Barros Falcão Ferraz A. Da Silva J. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) extract in relation to the geographic origin Phytother. Res. 2013 27 1495 1501 23180597
- [128]Roersch C.M.F.B. Piper umbellatum L.: A comparative cross cultural analysis of its medicinal uses and an eth-nopharmacological evaluation J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010 131 522 537 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.045 20678569 · DOI
- [129]Rezende K.R. Barros S.B.D.M. Quantification of 4-Nerolidylcatechol from Pothomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae) in rat plasma samples by HPLC-UV Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm. J. Pharm. Sci. 2004 40 373 380 10.1590/S1516-93322004000300013 · DOI
- [130]Desmarchelier C. Barros S. Repetto M. Latorre L.R. Kato M. Coussio J. Ciccia G. 4-Nerolidylcatechol from Pothomorphe Spp. scavenges peroxyl radicals and inhibits Fe(II)-dependent DNA damage Planta Med. 1997 63 561 563 10.1055/s-2006-957767 9434614 · DOI
- [132]Röpke C.D. Kaneko T.M. Rodrigues R.M. Da Silva V.V. Barros S. Sawada T.C.H. Kato M.J. Barros S.B.M. Evaluation of percutaneous absorption of 4-Nerolidylcathecol from four topical formulations Int. J. Pharm. 2002 249 109 116 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00477-5 12433439 · DOI
- [133]Ropke C.D. Meirelles R.R. Da Silva V.V. Sawada T.C. Barros S.B. Pothomorphe umbellata extract prevents α-tocopherol depletion after UV-irradiation Photochem. Photobiol. 2003 78 436 439 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0436:PUEPTD>2.0.CO;2 14653573 · DOI
- [134]Ropke C.D. Sawada T.C.H. Da Silva V.V. Michalany N.S. De Moraes Barros S.B. Photoprotective effect of Pothomorphe umbellata root extract against ultraviolet radiation induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse Exp. Dermatol. 2005 30 272 276 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01749.x 15807688 · DOI
- [135]Da Silva V.V. Ropke C.D. De Almeida R.L. Miranda D.V. Kera C.Z. Rivelli D.P. Sawada T.C.H. Barros S.B.M. Chemical stability and SPF determination of Pothomorphe umbellata extract gel and photostability of 4-Nerolidylcathecol Int. J. Pharm. 2005 303 125 131 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.07.006 16129576 · DOI
- [136]Ropke C.D. da Silva V.V. Kera C.Z. Miranda D.V. de Almeida R.L. Sawada T.C. Barros S.B. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of skin matrix metalloproteinases by Pothomorphe umbellata root extract Photochem. Photobiol. 2006 82 439 442 10.1562/2005-06-29-RA-596 16613496 · DOI
- [137]Da Silva V.V. Ropke C.D. Miranda D.V. de Almeida R.L. Sawada T.C.H. Rivelli D.P. Barros S.B.d.M. Photoprotective effect of Pothomorphe umbellataon UVB radiation-induced biomarkers involved in carcinogenesis of hairless mouse epidermis Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 2009 28 54 60 10.1080/15569520902784014 19263261 · DOI
- [139]Berman B. Ellis C. Elmets C. Polypodium leucotomos—An overview of basic investigative findings J. Drugs Derma. 2016 15 224 228 PMC5189711 26885792
- [140]Aguilera P. Carrera C. Puig-Butille J.A. Badenas C. Lecha M. González S. Malvehy J. Puig S. Benefits of oral Polypodium leucotomos extract in MM high-risk patients J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2013 27 1095 1100 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04659.x 22849563 PMC4556114 · DOI
- [141]Palomino O.M. Current knowledge in Polypodium leucotomos effect on skin protection Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2015 307 199 209 10.1007/s00403-014-1535-x 25539991 · DOI
- [142]Gonzalez S. Gilaberte Y. Philips N. Mechanistic insights in the use of a Polypodium leucotomos extract as an oral and topical photoprotective agent Photochem. Photobio. Sci. 2010 9 559 563 10.1039/b9pp00156e 20354651 · DOI
- [143]Pourang A. Dourra M. Ezekwe N. Kholi I. Hamzavi I. Lim H.W. The potential effect of Polypodium leucotomos extract on ultraviolet- and visible light-induced photoaging Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2021 20 1229 1238 10.1007/s43630-021-00087-x 34449075 · DOI
- [144]Segars K. McCarver V. Miller R.A. Dermatologic Applications of Polypodium leucotomos: A Literature Review J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol. 2021 14 50 60 PMC8211346 34221229
- [145]Pourang A. Dourra M. Ezekwe N. Kholi I. Hamzavi I. Lim H.W. The effect of Polypodium leucotomos extract (Fernblock) on visible light and UV-induced photoaging J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2021 85 AB26 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.128 34449075 · DOI
- [146]Gombau L. García F. Lahoz A. Fabre M. Roda-Navarro P. Majano P. Alonso-Lebrero J.L. Pivel J.P. Castell J.V. Gómez-Lechon M.J. Polypodium leucotomos extract: Antioxidant activity and disposition Toxicol. Vitr. 2006 20 464 471 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.09.008 16263237 · DOI
- [147]Philips N. Smith J. Séller T. Gonzalez S. Predominant effect of Polypodium leucotomos on membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation expression of elastin and matrixmetalloproteinase-1 in ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts, and keratinocytes J. Dermatol. Sci. 2003 32 1 9 10.1016/S0923-1811(03)00042-2 12788523 · DOI
- [149]Mulero M. Rodríguez-Yanes E. Nogués M.R. Giralt M. Romeu M. Gonzalez S. Mallo J. Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits glutathione oxidation and prevents Langerhans cell depletion induced by UVB/UVA radiation in a hairless rat model Exp. Dermatol. 2008 17 653 658 18312382
- [150]Rodríguez-Yanes E. Juarranz A. Cuevas J. Gonzalez S. Mallo J. Polypodium leucotomos decreases UV-induced epidermal cell proliferation and enhances p53 expression and plasma antioxidant capacity in hairless mice Exp. Dermatol. 2012 21 630 642 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01544.x 22776002 · DOI
- [151]Middelkamp-Hup M.A. Pathak M.A. Parrado C. Garcia-Caballero T. Rius-Diaz F. Fitzpatrick T.B. Gonzalez S. Orally administered Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases psoralen-UVA-induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2004 50 41 49 10.1016/S0190-9622(03)02732-4 14699363 · DOI
- [152]Middelkamp-Hup M.A. Pathak M.A. Parrado C. Goukassian D. Rius-Diaz F. Mihm M.C. Fitzpatrick T.B. Gonzalez S. Oral Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases ultraviolet-induced damage of human skin J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2004 50 910 918 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.06.027 15583582 · DOI
- [153]Vill A. Viera M.H. Amini S. Huo R. Perez O. Ruiz P. Amador A. Elgart G. Berman B. Decrease of ultraviolet A llight-induced “common deletion” in healthy volunteers after oral Polypodium leucotomos extract supplement in a randomized clinical trial J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2010 62 511 513 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.045 20159320 · DOI
- [154]Gonzalez S. Gilaberte Y. Philips N. Juarranz A. Fernblock, a nutriceutical with photoprotective properties and potential preventive agent for skin photoaging and photoinduced skin cancers Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011 12 8466 8475 10.3390/ijms12128466 22272084 PMC3257081 · DOI
- [155]Aguilera J. Vicente-Manzanares M. de Gálvez M.V. Herrera-Ceballos E. Rodríguez-Luna A. González S. Booster effect of a natural extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock®) that improves the UV barrier function and immune protection capability of sunscreen formulations Front. Med. 2021 8 684665 10.3389/fmed.2021.684665 PMC8206277 34150816 · DOI
- [156]Lee S. Kim K.H. Park C. Lee J.S. Kim Y.H. Portulaca oleracea extracts protect human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from UV-induced apoptosis Exp. Dermatol. 2014 23 13 17 10.1111/exd.12396 25234830 · DOI
- [157]Chapman J. Stewart R.B. Yarnell R.A. Archaeological Evidence for Precolumbian Introduction of Portulaca oleracea and Mollugo verticillata into Eastern North America Econ. Bot. 1974 28 411 412 10.1007/BF02862857 · DOI
- [159]Iranshahy M. Javadi B. Iranshahi M. Jahanbakhsh S.P. Mahyari S. Hassani F.V. Karimi G. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Portulaca oleracea L J. Ethnopharmacol. 2017 205 158 172 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.004 28495602 · DOI
- [160]Zhou Y.X. Xin H.L. Rahman K. Wang S.J. Peng C. Zhang H. Portulaca oleracea L.: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacological effects BioMed. Res. Int. 2015 2015 1 11 PMC4321094 25692148
- [161]Petropoulos S. Karkanis A. Martins N. Ferreira I.C. Phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as affected by crop management practices Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2016 55 1 10 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.06.010 · DOI
- [162]Kumar B.S.A. Prabhakarn V. Lakshman K. Nandeesh R. Subramanyam P. Khan S. Krishna N.V. Pharmacognostical studies of Portulaca oleracea L Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2008 18 527 531 10.1590/S0102-695X2008000400005 · DOI
- [163]Rahimi V.B. Ajam F. Rakhshandeh H. Askari V.R. A pharmacological review on Portulaca oleracea L.: Focusing on anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immuno-modulatory and antitumor activities J. Pharmacopunct. 2019 22 7 10.3831/KPI.2019.22.001 30988996 PMC6461301 · DOI
- [164]Naeem F. Khan S.H. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as phytogenic substance—A review J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants 2013 19 216 232 10.1080/10496475.2013.782381 · DOI
- [168]Cham B.E. Meares H.M. Glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum are effective in the treatment of skin cancers in man Cancer Lett. 1987 36 111 118 10.1016/0304-3835(87)90081-4 3621146 · DOI
- [169]Guuntekin E. Uner B. Karakus B. Chemical composition of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stalk and suitability in the particleboard production J. Environ. Biol. 2009 30 731 734 20136057
- [171]Raiola A. Rigano M.M. Calafiore R. Frusciante L. Barone A. Enhancing the health-promoting effects of tomato fruit for biofortified food Mediat. Inflamm. 2014 2014 1 16 10.1155/2014/139873 24744504 PMC3972926 · DOI
- [172]Aust O. Stahl W. Sies H. Tronnier H. Heinrich U. Supplementation with tomato-based products increases lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene levels in human serum and protects against UV-light-induced erythema Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2005 75 54 60 10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.54 15830922 · DOI · Paper page
- [173]Fernández-García E. Photoprotection of human dermal fibroblasts against ultraviolet light by antioxidant combinations present in tomato Food Funct. 2014 5 285 290 10.1039/C3FO60471C 24323485 · DOI · Paper page
- [174]Cooperstone J.L. Tober K.L. Riedl K.M. Teegarden M.D. Cichon M.J. Francis D.M. Schwartz S.J. Oberyszyn T.M. Tomatoes protect against development of UV-induced keratinocyte carcinoma via metabolomic alterations Sci. Rep. 2017 7 5106 10.1038/s41598-017-05568-7 28698610 PMC5506060 · DOI · Paper page
- [175]Lim T.K. Spondias purpurea Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Springer Dordrecht, The Netherlands 2012 160 165
- [176]Hernández-Ruiz K.L. Ruiz-Cruz S. Cira-Chávez L.A. Gassos-Ortega L.E. Ornelas-Paz J.J. Del-Toro-Sánchez C.L. Márquez-Ríos E. López-Mata M.A. Rodríguez-Félix F. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity, protective effect on human erythrocytes and phenolic compound identification in two varieties of plum fruit (Spondias spp.) by UPLC-MS Molecules 2018 23 3200 10.3390/molecules23123200 30518166 PMC6321542 · DOI
- [177]Villa-Hernández J.M. Mendoza-Cardoso G. Mendoza-Espinoza J.A. Vela-Hinojosa C. Díaz de León-Sánchez F. Rivera-Cabrera F. Alia-Tejacal I. Pérez-Flores L.J. Antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo of various ecotypes of mexican plum (Spondias purpurea L.) J. Food Sci. 2017 82 2576 2582 10.1111/1750-3841.13862 28991356 · DOI
- [178]Silva R.V. Costa S.C.C. Branco C.R.C. Branco A. In vitro photoprotective activity of the Spondias purpurea L. peel crude extract and its incorporation in a pharmaceutical formulation Ind. Crop. Prod. 2016 83 509 514 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.077 · DOI
- [179]Peres D.A. de Oliveira C.A. da Costa M.S. Tokunaga V.K. Mota J.P. Rosado C. Consiglieri V.O. Kaneko T.M. Velasco M.V.R. Baby A.R. Rutin increases critical wavelength of systems containing a single UV filter and with good skin compatibility Ski. Res. Technol. 2016 22 325 333 10.1111/srt.12265 26346940 · DOI
- [180]Rodrigues F.A.M. Giffony P.S. dos Santos S.B. Guedes J.A. Ribeiro M.E.N. Araújo T.G.D. da Silva L.M.R. Zocolo G.J. Ricardo N.M. Spondias purpurea L. stem bark extract: Antioxidant and in vitro photoprotective activities J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2021 32 1918 1930 10.21577/0103-5053.20210082 · DOI
- [181]Baharum Z. Akim A. Taufiq-Yap Y. Hamid R. Kasran R. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of methanolic plant part extracts of Theobroma Cacao Molecules 2014 19 18317 18331 10.3390/molecules191118317 25389662 PMC6271502 · DOI
- [182]Rodríguez-Lagunas M.J. Vicente F. Pereira P. Castell M. Pérez-Cano F.J. Relationship between cocoa intake and healthy status: A pilot study in university students Molecules 2019 24 812 10.3390/molecules24040812 30813439 PMC6412630 · DOI
- [183]Williams S. Tamburic S. Lally C. Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2009 8 169 173 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2009.00448.x 19735513 · DOI
- [185]Patel S. Yucca: A medicinally significant genus with manifold therapeutic attributes Rev. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 2012 2 231 234 10.1007/s13659-012-0090-4 · DOI
- [187]Torres P. Avila J.G. De Vivar A.R. García A.M. Marín J.C. Aranda E. Céspedes C.L. Antioxidant and insect growth regulatory activities of stilbenes and extracts from Yucca periculosa Phytochemistry 2003 64 463 473 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00348-0 12943764 · DOI
- [188]Camont L. Cottart C.H. Rhayem Y. Nivet-Antoine V. Djelidi R. Collin F. Beaudeux J.L. Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Simple spectrophotometric assessment of the trans-/cis-resveratrol ratio in aqueous solutions Anal. Chim. Acta 2009 634 121 128 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.003 19154820 · DOI
- [191]Ciriminna R. Delisi R. Albanese L. Meneguzzo F. Pagliaro M. Opuntia ficus–indica seed oil: Biorefineryand bioeconomy aspects Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2017 118 1700013 10.1002/ejlt.201700013 · DOI
- [193]Park K. Choi H.S. Hong Y.H. Jung E.Y. Suh H.J. Cactus cladodes (Opuntia humifusa) extract minimizes the effects of UV irradiation on keratinocytes and hairless mice Pharm. Biol. 2017 55 1032 1040 10.1080/13880209.2017.1286357 28183235 PMC6130649 · DOI
- Authors
- Torres-Contreras, A. M., Garcia-Baeza, A., Vidal-Limon, H. R., Balderas-Renteria, I., Ramírez-Cabrera, M. A., & Ramirez-Estrada, K.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (MX)
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Junco de la Vega, Col. Tecnológico, Montrerrey 65849, Mexico
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Modelos Biológicos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Guerrero s/n, Col. Treviño, Monterrey 64570, Mexico
- Venue
- Plants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-01-15
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 220
- ISSN
- 2223-7747 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8779981
- OpenAlex
- W4206454344
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 183
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioactive natural compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- plant secondary metabolites, ultraviolet radiation, photoprotection, photodamaged skin, photoaging, skin cancer prevention, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, carotenoids, Mexican flora, sunscreen ingredients
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review