Reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use: randomized trial follow-up
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: Regular sunscreen use prevents cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma long term, but the effect on melanoma is highly controversial. We evaluated whether long-term application of sunscreen decreases risk of cutaneous melanoma. Participants and Methods: In 1992, 1,621 randomly selected residents of Nambour, a township in Queensland, Australia, age 25 to 75 years, were randomly assigned to daily or discretionary sunscreen application to head and arms in combination with 30 mg beta carotene or placebo supplements until 1996. Participants were observed until 2006 with questionnaires and/or through pathology laboratories and the cancer registry to ascertain primary melanoma occurrence. Results: Ten years after trial cessation, 11 new primary melanomas had been identified in the daily sunscreen group, and 22 had been identified in the discretionary group, which represented a reduction of the observed rate in those randomly assigned to daily sunscreen use (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.02; P = .051). The reduction in invasive melanomas was substantial (n = 3 in active v 11 in control group; HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.97) compared with that for preinvasive melanomas (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.81). Conclusion: Melanoma may be preventable by regular sunscreen use in adults.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
If used properly, regular sunscreen use can reduce risk for skin cancer.
“If used properly, regular sunscreen use can reduce risk for skin cancer6, 7”
From Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
Cites
Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Ward, E., Hao, Y., Xu, J., & Thun, M. J. (2009) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.20006 · Cited by 9,709 · see citing works
The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation
Gilchrest, B. A., Eller, M. S., Geller, A. C., & Yaar, M. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199904293401707 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Determinants of BRAF Mutations in Primary Melanomas
Maldonado, J. L., Fridlyand, J., Patel, H., Jain, A. N., Busam, K., Kageshita, T., Ono, T., Albertson, D. G., Pinkel, D., & Bastian, B. C. (2003) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djg123 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Anatomic Site, Sun Exposure, and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma
Whiteman, D. C., Stickley, M., Watt, P., Hughes, M. C., Davis, M. B., & Green, A. C. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.06.1325 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Islami, F., Goding Sauer, A., Miller, K. D., Siegel, R. L., Fedewa, S. A., Jacobs, E. J., McCullough, M. L., Patel, A. V., Ma, J., Soerjomataram, I., et al. (2018) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21440 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
A Phase 3 randomized trial of nicotinamide for skin-cancer chemoprevention
Chen, A. C., Martin, A. J., Choy, B., Fernández-Peñas, P., Dalziell, R. A., McKenzie, C. A., Scolyer, R. A., Dhillon, H. M., Vardy, J. L., Kricker, A., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1506197 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Mitra, D., Luo, X., Morgan, A., Wang, J., Hoang, M. P., Lo, J., Guerrero, C. R., Lennerz, J. K., Mihm, M. C., Wargo, J. A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11624 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Krause, M., Klit, A., Blomberg Jensen, M., Søeborg, T., Frederiksen, H., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Skakkebaek, N. E., & Drzewiecki, K. T. (2012) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01280.x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Formation of UV-induced DNA damage contributing to skin cancer development
Cadet, J., & Douki, T. (2018) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c7pp00395a · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Ultraviolet radiation and the skin: Photobiology and sunscreen photoprotection
Young, A. R., Claveau, J., & Rossi, A. B. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.038 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Ultraviolet radiation accelerates BRAF-driven melanomagenesis by targeting TP53
Viros, A., Sanchez-Laorden, B., Pedersen, M., Furney, S. J., Rae, J., Hogan, K., Ejiama, S., Girotti, M. R., Cook, M., Dhomen, N., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13298 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Passeron, T., Lim, H. W., Goh, C. ‐., Kang, H. Y., Ly, F., Morita, A., Ocampo Candiani, J., Puig, S., Schalka, S., Wei, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.17242 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status
Passeron, T., Bouillon, R., Callender, V., Cestari, T., Diepgen, T. L., Green, A. C., van der Pols, J. C., Bernard, B. A., Ly, F., Bernerd, F., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.17992 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationSunscreen and Prevention of Skin Aging: A Randomized Trial
Hughes, M. C. B., Williams, G. M., Baker, P., & Green, A. C. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationUltraviolet Radiation and Melanoma
Kanavy, H. E., & Gerstenblith, M. R. (2011) · Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Lucas, R. M., Norval, M., Neale, R. E., Young, A. R., de Gruijl, F. R., Takizawa, Y., & van der Leun, J. C. (2014) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c4pp90033b · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids for Skin Photoprotection
Lawrence, K. P., Long, P. F., & Young, A. R. (2019) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867324666170529124237 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis
Khan, A. Q., Travers, J. B., & Kemp, M. G. (2018) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.22176 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults
Holman, D. M., Berkowitz, Z., Guy, G. P., Hawkins, N. A., Saraiya, M., & Watson, M. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1112 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Adolescent and young adult patients with cancer: a milieu of unique features
Sender, L., & Zabokrtsky, K. B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.92 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Mancuso, J. B., Maruthi, R., Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0290-0 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Effects of sunscreen on skin cancer and photoaging
Iannacone, M. R., Hughes, M. C. B., & Green, A. C. (2014) · Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12109 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationFivenson, D., Sabzevari, N., Qiblawi, S., Blitz, J., Norton, B. B., & Norton, S. A. (2021) · International Journal of Women's Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Linos, E., Keiser, E., Fu, T., Colditz, G., Chen, S., & Tang, J. Y. (2011) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9780-1 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
SPF Enhancement Provided by Rutin in a Multifunctional Sunscreen
Tomazelli, L. C., de Assis Ramos, M. M., Sauce, R., Cândido, T. M., Sarruf, F. D., de Oliveira Pinto, C. A. S., de Oliveira, C. A., Rosado, C., Velasco, M. V. R., & Baby, A. R. (2018) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.015 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sunscreen use and failures — on site observations on a sun-holiday
Petersen, B., Datta, P., Philipsen, P. A., & Wulf, H. C. (2012) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c2pp25127b · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Photoprotection of the future: Challenges and opportunities
Krutmann, J., Passeron, T., Gilaberte, Y., Granger, C., Leone, G., Narda, M., Schalka, S., Trullas, C., Masson, P., & Lim, H. W. (2020) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.16030 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Wang, S. Q., Xu, H., Stanfield, J. W., Osterwalder, U., & Herzog, B. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.01.017 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Sunburn and Sun Behavior Patterns During Adolescence
Dusza, S. W., Halpern, A. C., Satagopan, J. M., Oliveria, S. A., Weinstock, M. A., Scope, A., Berwick, M., & Geller, A. C. (2012) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0104 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Tuong, W., & Armstrong, A. W. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.12.007 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Melanoma Chemoprevention: Current Status and Future Prospects
Chhabra, G., Ndiaye, M. A., Garcia‐Peterson, L. M., & Ahmad, N. (2017) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12749 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Use of Calcium Phosphates in Cosmetics, State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Carella, F., Degli Esposti, L., Adamiano, A., & Iafisco, M. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14216398 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Narbutt, J., Philipsen, P. A., Harrison, G. I., Morgan, K. A., Lawrence, K. P., Baczynska, K. A., Grys, K., Rogowski‐Tylman, M., Olejniczak‐Staruch, I., Tewari, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.17277 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Correlates of sun protection behaviors in racially and ethnically diverse U.S. adults
Calderón, T. A., Bleakley, A., Jordan, A. B., Lazovich, D., & Glanz, K. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.12.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Handoko, H. Y., Rodero, M. P., Boyle, G. M., Ferguson, B., Engwerda, C., Hill, G., Konrad Muller, H., Khosrotehrani, K., & Walker, G. J. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Patel, S. P., & Chien, A. L. (2021) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000002794 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Green, A. C., Williams, G. M., Logan, V., & Strutton, G. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2011-01-20
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 257-263
- ISSN
- 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1527-7755
- OpenAlex
- W2110372729
- Cited by
- 799
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 54.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- sunscreen use, cutaneous melanoma, melanoma prevention, beta-carotene supplementation, sun protection, invasive melanoma, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Queensland, Skin Neoplasms, Sunscreening Agents, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review