Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

Donnaloja, Francesca; Jacchetti, Emanuela; Soncini, Monica; Raimondi, Manuela T.

doi:10.3390/polym12040905

Cited by 324Bone Tissue Engineering Materialsbiodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

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Donnaloja, Francesca, Jacchetti, Emanuela, Soncini, Monica, Raimondi, Manuela T.·2020·Polymers

DOI 10.3390/polym12040905PMC PMC7240703

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Abstract

Bone tissue is the structural component of the body, which allows locomotion, protects vital internal organs, and provides the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. Several bone-related pathologies generate critical-size bone defects that our organism is not able to heal spontaneously and require a therapeutic action. Conventional therapies span from pharmacological to interventional methodologies, all of them characterized by several drawbacks. To circumvent these effects, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are innovative and promising approaches that exploit the capability of bone progenitors, especially mesenchymal stem cells, to differentiate into functional bone cells. So far, several materials have been tested in order to guarantee the specific requirements for bone tissue regeneration, ranging from the material biocompatibility to the ideal 3D bone-like architectural structure. In this review, we analyse the state-of-the-art of the most widespread polymeric scaffold materials and their application in in vitro and in vivo models, in order to evaluate their usability in the field of bone tissue engineering. Here, we will present several adopted strategies in scaffold production, from the different combination of materials, to chemical factor inclusion, embedding of cells, and manufacturing technology improvement.

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One drawback associated with natural materials is the lack of tunable degradation that can be achieved with synthetic polymers or the need for chemical modification of the natural polymers to achieve tunable degradation.
“One drawback that has been associated with natural materials is the lack of tunable degradation that can be achieved with synthetic polymers or the need for chemical modification of the natural polymers to achieve tunable degradation [13].”
From Keratin Scaffold Formulation Impacts rhBMP-2 Biodistribution and Bone Regeneration in a Rat Femur Defect Model (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Section 3 (Natural Polymers; page not provided) identifies reduced tunability and uncontrollable degradation rate as drawbacks of natural polymers. Section 4 (Synthetic Polymers; page not provided) says synthetic polymers can have their degradation rates adjusted. The passages do not establish that natural polymers need chemical modification to achieve tunable degradation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Authors: Donnaloja, F., Jacchetti, E., Soncini, M., & Raimondi, M. T.
Affiliations: Politecnico di Milano (IT)
Corresponding author: Donnaloja, Francesca
ORCID: Donnaloja, Francesca
Jacchetti, Emanuela
Soncini, Monica
Raimondi, Manuela T.
Venue: Polymers
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-04-14
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Pages: 905
ISSN: 2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/polym12040905
PMC: PMC7240703
OpenAlex: W3016608967
Cited by: 324
References: 149
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 3.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: European Commission (HORIZON2020)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Keywords: bone scaffolds, bone tissue engineering, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, critical-size bone defect, mesenchymal stem cells, biocompatibility, scaffold fabrication, cell embedding, chemical factors, regenerative medicine

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Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

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