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Cited by 1,104Bone Tissue Engineering MaterialsHydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

A Comparative Review of Natural and Synthetic Biopolymer Composite Scaffolds

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Reddy, M. Sai Bhargava, Ponnamma, Deepalekshmi, Choudhary, Rajan, Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar·2021·Polymers
DOI 10.3390/polym13071105PMC PMC8037451
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Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine integrate information and technology from various fields to restore/replace tissues and damaged organs for medical treatments. To achieve this, scaffolds act as delivery vectors or as cellular systems for drugs and cells; thereby, cellular material is able to colonize host cells sufficiently to meet up the requirements of regeneration and repair. This process is multi-stage and requires the development of various components to create the desired neo-tissue or organ. In several current TE strategies, biomaterials are essential components. While several polymers are established for their use as biomaterials, careful consideration of the cellular environment and interactions needed is required in selecting a polymer for a given application. Depending on this, scaffold materials can be of natural or synthetic origin, degradable or nondegradable. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic polymers and their possible composite scaffolds with their physicochemical properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, morphology, mechanical strength, pore size, and porosity are discussed. The scaffolds fabrication techniques and a few commercially available biopolymers are also tabulated.

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  • Scaffolds can be engineered with bio-based and fossil-based polymers, or with bio-based ceramics with suitable combinations.

    “Scaffolds can be engineered with bio-based and fossil-based polymers, or with bio-based ceramics with suitable combinations [9].”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [9]

    Section 2, “Scaffolding and Its Importance in Biomedical Applications,” says scaffolds can be made with natural or synthetic polymers, bio-based ceramics, or suitable combinations. It does not specify that the synthetic polymers are fossil-based; that material origin is not established by the passage. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Reddy, M. S. B., Ponnamma, D., Choudhary, R., & Sadasivuni, K. K.
Affiliations
  • Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad (IN)
  • Qatar University (QA)
  • National University of Science and Technology (RU)
Corresponding author
Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar
ORCID
Venue
Polymers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-03-30
Volume
13
Issue
7
Pages
1105
ISSN
2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/polym13071105
PMC
PMC8037451
OpenAlex
W3148531641
Cited by
1,104
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 189 · 2025: 244 · 2024: 248 · 2023: 216 · 2022: 157 · 2021: 50
FWCI
14.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Keywords
natural polymers, synthetic polymers, tissue engineering scaffolds, biocompatibility, biodegradability, scaffold fabrication techniques, mechanical strength, porosity, pore size, biomaterials

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