Contributions and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in building smarter cities: insights from a systematic review of the literature
Open accessAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Interest in the use of AI for urban innovation continues to grow. Particularly, the rise of smart cities—urban locations that are enabled by community, technology, and policy to deliver productivity, innovation, livability, wellbeing, sustainability, accessibility, good governance, and good planning—has increased the demand for AI-enabled innovations. There is, nevertheless, no scholarly work that provides a comprehensive review on the topic. This paper generates insights into how AI can contribute to the development of smarter cities. A systematic review of the literature is selected as the methodologic approach. Results are categorized under the main smart city development dimensions, i.e., economy, society, environment, and governance. The findings of the systematic review containing 93 articles disclose that: (a) AI in the context of smart cities is an emerging field of research and practice. (b) The central focus of the literature is on AI technologies, algorithms, and their current and prospective applications. (c) AI applications in the context of smart cities mainly concentrate on business efficiency, data analytics, education, energy, environmental sustainability, health, land use, security, transport, and urban management areas. (d) There is limited scholarly research investigating the risks of wider AI utilization. (e) Upcoming disruptions of AI in cities and societies have not been adequately examined. Current and potential contributions of AI to the development of smarter cities are outlined in this paper to inform scholars of prospective areas for further research.
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AI contributes to predicting the risks of climate change via ML algorithms and climate models.
“predicting the risks of climate change via ML algorithms and climate models,”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [244]
AI contributes to optimizing energy production and consumption via domotics (home automation).
“optimizing energy production and consumption via domotics (home automation),”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [244]
AI contributes to monitoring changes in the natural environment via remote sensing with autonomous drones.
“monitoring changes in the natural environment via remote sensing with autonomous drones,”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [244]
AI contributes to operationalizing transport systems via mobility-as-a-service (MaaS).
“operationalizing transport systems via mobility-as-a-service (MaaS).”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [244]
The use of AI involves making biased decisions, exacerbating privacy and cybersecurity, and limiting public trust.
“Against the backdrop of this study, the use of AI involves making biased decisions, exacerbating privacy and cybersecurity, and limiting public trust [244,293,294].”
From Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [244]
A study by Yigitcanlar et al. investigated these questions through a thorough systematic literature review of 99 peer-reviewed research articles concentrating on both smart cities and AI.
“A study by Yigitcanlar et.al. [124] investigated these questions through a thorough systematic literature review-99 peer-reviewed research articles concentrating on both smart cities and AI.”
From The sustainability of artificial intelligence: an urbanistic viewpoint from the lens of smart and sustainable cities (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
In the society domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on the public health, wellbeing, and education areas.
“In terms of the 'society' domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on the public health, wellbeing, and education areas.”
From The sustainability of artificial intelligence: an urbanistic viewpoint from the lens of smart and sustainable cities (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
In the governance domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on national and public security, urban governance and decision-making in government.
“In terms of the 'governance' domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on national and public security, urban governance and decision-making in government.”
From The sustainability of artificial intelligence: an urbanistic viewpoint from the lens of smart and sustainable cities (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
In the economy domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on technological innovation, and business productivity, profitability and management.
“In terms of the 'economy' domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on technological innovation, and business productivity, profitability and management.”
From The sustainability of artificial intelligence: an urbanistic viewpoint from the lens of smart and sustainable cities (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
In the environment domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on the transport, energy, land use, and climate areas.
“In terms of the 'environment' domain of smart cities, the AI focus is predominately on the transport, energy, land use, and climate areas.”
From The sustainability of artificial intelligence: an urbanistic viewpoint from the lens of smart and sustainable cities (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
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Blockchain with Artificial Intelligence to Efficiently Manage Water Use under Climate Change
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An Intelligent Surveillance Platform for Large Metropolitan Areas with Dense Sensor Deployment
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Self-citationComputational negotiation-based edge analytics for smart objects
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Smart Home and Artificial Intelligence as Environment for the Implementation of New Technologies
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Viewpoint: A Critical View on Smart Cities and AI
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Mobile Power Infrastructure Planning and Operational Management for Smart City Applications
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Self-citationAustralian police are using the Clearview AI facial recognition system with no accountability
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Desouza, K.C.; Smith, K.L. Big Data and Planning; American Planning Association: Washington, DC, USA, 2016; Volume 585, pp. 2-102.
- Reaz, M.B. Artificial intelligence techniques for advanced smart home implementation. Acta Tech. Corvininesis Bull. Eng. 2013, 6, 51-57.
Cited by
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- Authors
- Yigitcanlar, T., Desouza, K., Butler, L., & Roozkhosh, F.
- Affiliations
- School of Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- University of Guilan (IR)
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-03-20
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1473
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3011648816
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 30
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › AI and Big Data Applications
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, smart cities, urban innovation, AI risks, urban governance, environmental sustainability, urban management, transportation, energy, land use, security, data analytics, enterprise efficiency
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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