Effects of Biochar Application on CO2 Emissions from a Cultivated Soil under Semiarid Climate Conditions in Northwest China
Open accessAbstract
Biochar amendments to soil have potential as a climate change mitigation strategy. However, their effect on carbon exchange in different ecosystems has not been well evaluated. Understanding how biochar affects carbon exchange from agricultural soil is essential for clarifying the contribution of biochar management to the carbon budget. We performed a laboratory and a two-year field experiment to investigate the short- and medium-term effects of biochar application on CO2 emissions from semiarid farmland. There was no statistically significant alteration in the cumulative CO2 emissions from the mixture of soil with biochar alone, while the emissions increased significantly with additional nitrogen amendment over the 46-day experimental period. Over the two-year experimental period, the cumulative CO2 emissions from the field experiment decreased in the biochar-amended treatment, and the effects were significant at high application rates (20 and 30 t·ha−1) relative to the control in the MS. The seasonal CO2 dynamics were strongly dependent on soil temperature, with a higher correlation with the temperature at a depth of 10cm than with the temperature at a depth of 0cm. Soil temperature, rather than soil water content, was the major environmental factor controlling the soil carbon exchange in the semiarid farmland of the Loess Plateau. In general, biochar additions enhanced aboveground dry matter accumulation in both the early and late stages of maize growth. The results suggested that biochar amendment was a preferable management practice to help maintain or increase carbon sequestration for this region with lower CO2 emissions and higher dry matter production over a longer period.
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In a prior incubation study, the highest CO2 efflux occurred on the second day after incubation began, and biochar alone significantly reduced soil CO2 efflux on the first day.
“These observations were similar to the incubation study of Shen et al. (2017), stating that the highest CO 2 efflux was observed on the second day after the incubation started in the soil, and amendment with biochar alone significantly decreased the soil CO 2 efflux on the first day of incubation.”
From Corn-cob Biochar Characterization and Application Effects to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Evolution in Acid Soil Added with Different Types of Fertilizers (2021) · cites this paper as Shen et al. (2017)
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Effect of Woodchips Biochar on Sensitivity to Temperature of Soil Greenhouse Gases Emissions
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Hassan, M. U., Batool, M., Farooq, T. H., Arif, M. S., Aamer, M., Waqas, M. A., Albasher, G., Sajjad, M., & Shakoor, A. (2023) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126048 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Adeli, A., Brooks, J., Miles, D., Mlsna, T., Quentin, R., & Jenkins, J. (2023) · Open Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4236/ojss.2023.132006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ntacyabukura, T., Uwiringiyimana, E., Zhou, M.-H., Zhang, B.-W., Zhu, B., Harerimana, B., Nambajimana, J. D. D., Nsabimana, G., & Nsengumuremyi, P. (2021) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos12060729 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“By increasing the C content in soil, the long-term application of charred plant straw could reduce both CH4 and N2O fluxes [27], while enlarging pores size that are able to absorb soil C, decreasing complete biodegradation [28].”
BackgroundLi, W., Gao, X., Du, L., Yao, L., Wang, R., & Guo, S.-L. (2022) · Soil & Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2022.105477 · Cited by 9
Mosharrof, M., Uddin, M. K., Shamshuddin, J., Sulaiman, M. F., Shamsuzzaman, S. M., & Haque, A. N. A. (2021) · Chilean journal of agricultural research · doi:10.4067/s0718-58392021000100109 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Soil respiration is restricted by biochar application during maize cultivation (Liu et al., 2011; Shen et al., 2017) due to the labile C sorption from the large surface area and porous characteristics of the biochar (Lehmann et al.”
BackgroundViswanathan, S., Kuriakose, G., Njazhakunnathu, G. V., Neelamury, S. P., & Ambatt, T. P. (2024) · Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1007/s42768-024-00195-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Changes in the Soil–Plant–Water System Due to Biochar Amendment
Horel, Á., & Tóth, E. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13091216 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Positive or negative effects of biochar usage on soil GHG emission are not only highly dependent on soil structure but also on biochar parameters such as its type or pyrolysis temperature [30,31].”
BackgroundBiochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O2 consumption and CO2 production
Almeida, R. F., Spokas, K., Teixeira, D. D. B., & Scala, N. L. (2019) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-019-00021-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cui, C., Song, J.-Q., Han, S.-X., Wang, J.-C., Ji, G., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H.-J., E, Z., Yuan, Y., & Zhang, H.-H. (2024) · Journal of Plant Interactions · doi:10.1080/17429145.2024.2369759 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Biochar, as a soil amendment, has the potential to reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration (Shen et al. 2017), it has been promoted as an effective tool for mitigating climate change and has become a research hotspot in recent years.”
Biomass Carbonization - Production and Characterization of Biochar from Rice Husks
Bethancourt, G., James, A., Villarreal, J., & Marín-Calvo, N. (2019) · 2019 7th International Engineering, Sciences and Technology Conference (IESTEC) · doi:10.1109/iestec46403.2019.00016 · Cited by 6
Darenova, E., Findurová, H., Holub, P., & Klem, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.920247 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Organic carbon mineralization of the biochar and organic compost of poultry litter in an Argisol
Tito, G. A., Fernandes, J. D., Chaves, L. H. G., Guerra, H. O. C., & Dantas, E. R. B. (2021) · Semina Ciências Agrárias · doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3167 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The C-CO2 evolution decreases in soils incubated with biochar (Shen et al., 2017; Bramble, Gouveia, & Ramnarine, 2019), suggesting a low amount of degradable substrate, and access of more recalcitrant by the microbes with time, at lower rates (Andrade, Oliveira, & Cerri, 2006).”
BackgroundDoes Biochar Influence Soil CO2 Emission Four Years After Its Application to Soil?
Kotuš, T., & Horák, J. (2021) · Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae · doi:10.2478/ahr-2021-0016 · Cited by 5
Preliminary study of molecular sieve materials to alleviate problems faced by tropical peatland
Santi, L., Prakoso, H. T., & Kalbuadi, D. (2022) · IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1025/1/012027 · Cited by 4
Bulfa, A., Villegas-Pangga, G., & Cubelo, J. E. (2021) · Philippine Journal of Science · doi:10.56899/150.05.40 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lima, J. Z., Marques, J. P., Sakamoto, I., da Silva, E. A. F., & Rodrigues, V. (2025) · Water, Air and Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-024-07700-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Previous studies have indicated the use of biochar as a soil amendment as an effective approach to mitigate GHGs emissions (Abagandura et al., 2019; Shen et al., 2017; Xia et al., 2023).”
Zhao, H., Zhu, Z., Wang, X.-J., Xu, M.-G., & Huang, N. (2024) · Land Degradation & Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.5262 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…amendment, an alternative organic amendment for improving soil properties (Huang et al., 2023), has shown inconsistent effects on CO 2 efflux (He et al., 2017), for example, an increase but also a decrease of CO 2 efflux in laboratory studies (Li et al., 2017; Shen et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2022).”
Ansari, J., Davis, M. P., Li, C., & Bansal, S. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy15102358 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tao, Z., Liu, Y., Li, S.-Y., Li, B., Fan, X.-Y., Liu, C., Hu, C., Zhang, S.-Q., & Li, Z.-Y. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16182671 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMuhammad, D., Ngatijo, N., Prabasari, I., & Mardhotillah, B. (2023) · Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology · doi:10.55043/jaast.v7i3.155 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Use of Molecular-Sieving Materials as Ameliorant for Peat Degradation in the Tropics
Santi, L., Goenadi, D., Sabiham, S., & Bindar, Y. (2021) · Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering · doi:10.4236/jmmce.2021.94025 · Cited by 2
“Zeolite and biochar are possessing considerably high inner pores which could act as spaces to retain water and gas [13] [14].”
Jia, Y., Zhang, L., Pang, Z., Mo, L., Fu, H., Yuan, Z., & Hu, C. (2025) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-025-00519-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The lack of significant reduction in CO ₂ emissions may be attributed to the long-term persistence of biochar in soil, which leads to partial carbon mineralization (Shen et al. 2017).”
Bidast, S., Mohseni, A., Biswas, B., Golchin, A., Milani, D., & Naidu, R. (2026) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181949
Frimpong, T., Amponsah, S., Agyeman, K., Frimpong, F., Danquah, E. O., Amengor, N. E., Amankwaa-Yeboah, P., & Adu, J. (2025) · Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineering (JGhIE) · doi:10.56049/jghie.v25i3.363
“Studies by Shen et al ., (2017) reported that combining biochar with chemical fertilizers is likely to be a reliable method for capturing nitrogen emissions and delivering nitrogen to crops, as emissions of ammonia during the storage and spreading of compost or bio - slurry can be high.”
EFFECT OF BIOCHAR APPLICATION ON CO2 EMISSION IN RELATIONSHIP WITH SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Kotuš, T., Horák, J., Drgoňová, K., & Igaz, D. (2022) · SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference� EXPO Proceedings · doi:10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s13.28
Ma, X., Lv, M., Huang, F.-Y., Zhang, P., Cai, T., & Jia, Z. (2022) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture12101704
Resistance to ammonium toxicity in canola genotypes
Al-Awad, O. (2019) · doi:10.26182/5df9ab4e8ffed
- Authors
- Shen, Y., Zhu, L., Cheng, H., Yue, S., & Li, S.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Yufang
- Li, Shiqing
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-08-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1482
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2749946337
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279197, 41671307, 50809068)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YQ2013009)
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (A314021403-C4)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Keywords
- biochar amendment, soil CO2 efflux, Loess Plateau, soil carbon sequestration, soil temperature, nitrogen fertilization, climate change mitigation, carbon balance
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