Stress Reduction Interventions for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Focused Literature Review
Open accessAbstract
Parents of autistic children report higher levels of parenting stress than any other child-related disabilities, with atypical child behaviour being identified as a key contributor to stress. As stress causes many negative health problems, it is important to understand what interventions are reportedly effective to reduce parenting stress in the literature. Five electronic databases—Cochrane, ProQuest, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus—were searched for relevant literature focusing on stress reduction intervention studies, studies on parents of children diagnosed with ASD, and publications no older than ten years. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used for reporting. A total of 11 articles from 169 were included, including 22 interventions identified and categorised based on theoretical approach, i.e., Applied Behavioural Analysis, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Humanistics, and psychoeducation. The evidence synthesised advocates for an integrative approach, such as Mindfulness-Based Positive Behaviour Support, an evidence-based practice approach that appears to offer greater advantages in reducing parenting stress. The implications of our results can inform educators and practitioners regarding available stress interventions for parents of children with ASD. Our findings warrant rigorous design research such as randomised controlled trials to be conducted to further identify the effects of these interventions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A wide range of interventions have been developed to improve mental health of parents of children with NDDs, including mindfulness and positive psychology interventions.
“A wide range of interventions have been developed to improve mental health of parents of children with NDDs, including mindfulness and positive psychology interventions (PPIs) [20, 22, 33, 53].”
From Effectiveness of a positive psychology and mindfulness-based app on mental health for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder: study protocol of a pragmatic international randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
The Characteristics of Included Studies section describes mindfulness interventions for parents of children with ASD, and Table 2 identifies an intervention combining positive psychology with other approaches. The review focuses on autism spectrum disorder; it does not establish the same range of interventions for parents of children with NDDs more broadly. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2_v1 · Cited by 8,090 · see citing works
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001 · Cited by 4,265 · see citing works
Stress and Health: A Review of Psychobiological Processes
O'Connor, D. B., Thayer, J. F., & Vedhara, K. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-062520-122331 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
DSM-5 and RDoC: progress in psychiatry research?
Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S., & Ressler, K. J. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3621 · Cited by 434 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We drew this cut-off because the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) was published in 2013, where the definition and understanding of autism were updated [36,37].”
MethodMelnyk, B. M., Kelly, S. A., Stephens, J., Dhakal, K., McGovern, C., Tucker, S., Hoying, J., McRae, K., Ault, S., Spurlock, E., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117120920451 · Cited by 364 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Systematic reviews state that stress can lead to many physical health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, heart attacks, asthma, and irritable bowel disease infections [14,15].”
BackgroundReducing distress in mothers of children with autism and other disabilities: a randomized trial
Dykens, E. M., Fisher, M. H., Taylor, J. L., Lambert, W., & Miodrag, N. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3164 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Yorke, I., White, P., Weston, A., Rafla, M., Charman, T., & Simonoff, E. A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3605-y · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Ilias, K., Cornish, K. M., Kummar, A. S., Park, M. S., & Golden, K. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Cost of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Horlin, C., Falkmer, M., Parsons, R. W., Albrecht, M. A., & Falkmer, T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106552 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Cachia, R. L., Anderson, A., & Moore, D. W. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0193-8 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Evidence-Base Update for Parenting Stress Measures in Clinical Samples
Holly, L. E., Fenley, A. R., Kritikos, T. K., Merson, R. A., Abidin, R. R., & Langer, D. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1639515 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Saunders, H., Gallagher‐Ford, L., Kvist, T. A., & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K. M. (2019) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.12363 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Karkou, V., Aithal, S., Zubala, A., & Meekums, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00936 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Da Paz, N. S., & Wallander, J. L. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.006 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Coping strategies of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Vernhet, C., Dellapiazza, F., Blanc, N., Cousson-Gélie, F., Miot, S., Roeyers, H., & Baghdadli, A. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1183-3 · Cited by 175 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings suggest that psychoeducation may help strengthen their problem-focused coping [27] by increasing parents’ knowledge of ASD and how families are often impacted.”
BackgroundIadarola, S., Levato, L., Harrison, B., Smith, T., Lecavalier, L., Johnson, C., Swiezy, N., Bearss, K., & Scahill, L. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3339-2 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Tarver, J., Palmer, M., Webb, S., Scott, S., Slonims, V., Simonoff, E., & Charman, T. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319830042 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Research Pyramid: A New Evidence-Based Practice Model for Occupational Therapy
Tomlin, G. S., & Borgetto, B. M. (2011) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2011.000828 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Karazsia, B. T., Myers, R. E., Latham, L. L., & Singh, J. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0321-3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Deb, S. S., Retzer, A., Roy, M., Acharya, R., Limbu, B., & Roy, A. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02973-7 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Effects of Self-Compassion Training on Work-Related Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Kotera, Y., & Van Gordon, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630798 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationDaWalt, L. S., Greenberg, J. S., & Seltzer, M. M. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3307-x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Kuravackel, G. M., Ruble, L. A., Reese, R. J., Ables, A. P., Rodgers, A. D., & Toland, M. D. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3333-8 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Effect of Nature Walks on Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Kotera, Y., Lyons, M., Vione, K. C., & Norton, B. A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13074015 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationLunsky, Y., Fung, K., Lake, J., Steel, L., & Bryce, K. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0846-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Kotera, Y., Maxwell-Jones, R., Edwards, A., & Knutton, N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105308 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness-based stress reduction for parents implementing early intervention for Autism: An RCT
Weitlauf, A. S., Broderick, N., Stainbrook, J. A., Taylor, J. L., Herrington, C. G., Nicholson, A. G., Santulli, M., Dykens, E. M., Juárez, A. P., & Warren, Z. E. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1895k · Cited by 83 · cited 4× · see citing works
“According to Weitlauf et al. [9], levels of children’s disruptive behaviour, resulting from difficulties with emotional dysregulation (outbursts and aggressive behaviour), are believed to be proportional to the levels of stress experienced by parents.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialQuality of flow diagram in systematic review and/or meta-analysis
Vu-Ngoc, H., Elawady, S. S., Mehyar, G. M., Abdelhamid, A. H., Mattar, O. M., Halhouli, O., Vuong, N. L., Ali, C. D. M., Hassan, U. H., Kien, N. D., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195955 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pennefather, J. T., Hieneman, M., Raulston, T. J., & Caraway, N. (2018) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.006 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Odom, S. L., Hall, L. J., & Suhrheinrich, J. (2019) · European Journal of Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1080/15021149.2019.1641952 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Early Intervention with Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Programs
Rojas-Torres, L. P., Alonso-Esteban, Y., & Alcantud-Marín, F. (2020) · Children · doi:10.3390/children7120294 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Ni’matuzahroh, Suen, M.-W., Ningrum, V., Widayat, Yuniardi, M. S., Hasanati, N., & Wang, J.-H. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10010052 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Potential mechanisms linking psychological stress to bone health
Ng, J.-S., & Chin, K.-Y. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.50680 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Lichtlé, J., Downes, N., Engelberg, A., & Cappe, É. (2019) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-019-00190-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Mindfulness and parenting distress among parents of children with disabilities: A literature review
Rayan, A., & Ahmad, M. (2018) · Perspectives in Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12217 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Conducting CBT for Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder During COVID-19 Pandemic
Kalvin, C. B., Jordan, R. P., Rowley, S., Weis, A. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, J. J., Ibrahim, K., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04845-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Singh, N., Lancioni, G., Medvedev, O., Hwang, Y.-S., & Myers, R. E. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01376-9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kotera, Y., & Rhodes, C. (2019) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2019.1615585 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationRutherford, M., Singh-Roy, A., Rush, R., McCartney, D. L., O'Hare, A. E., & Forsyth, K. (2019) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101450 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Schwartzman, J. M., Millan, M. E., Uljarevic, M., & Gengoux, G. W. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-04977-y · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Resilience has been identified as a key coping factor [22,23]; however, a broader approach to parenting stress remains to be appraised.”
BackgroundMarino, F., Chilà, P., Failla, C., Crimi, I., Minutoli, R., Puglisi, A., Arnao, A. A., Tartarisco, G., Ruta, L., Vagni, D., et al. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10090649 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Arbesman, M., Scheer, J., & Lieberman, D. (2008) · OT Practice · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ng, C. S. M., Fang, Y., Wang, Z. J., & Zhang, M. (2021) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/10883576211012599 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kotera, Y., Dosedlova, J., Andrzejewski, D., Kaluzeviciute, G., & Sakai, M. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00516-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationNielsen, T., & Dammeyer, J. (2019) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.06.007 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Young children who screen positive for autism: Stability, change and “comorbidity” over two years
Kantzer, A., Fernell, E., Westerlund, J., Hagberg, B. S., Gillberg, C., & Miniscalco, C. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.10.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Salivary cortisol as a non-invasive window on the brain
Clow, A., & Smyth, N. (2020) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.12.003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Li, X. S., Pinto‐Martin, J. A., Leis, A. M., Chittams, J. L., & Kral, T. V. E. (2017) · Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jspn.12205 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kotera, Y., Maybury, S., Liu, G., Colman, R. D., Lieu, J., & Dosedlova, J. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10112135 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAithal, S., Karkou, V., Kuppusamy, G., & Pushpavathi, M. (2019) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2019.04.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Paz, N. S. D., Wallander, J. L., & Tiemensma, J. (2018) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.05.007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Comparative evaluation of neuro-linguistic programming
Kotera, Y., & Sweet, M. J. (2019) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2019.1622075 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationWeinberg, M., Gueta, N., Weinberg, J., Much, M. A., Akawi, A., Sharkia, R. A., & Mahajnah, M. M. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101712 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Romney, J., Austin, K. L., Fife, S. T., Sanders, D., & Snyder, H. (2020) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1813654 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kirby, J. N., Grzazek, O. Y., & Gilbert, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01041 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Resilience Intervention for Families of Autistic Children: Reviewing the Literature
Kotera, Y., Pope, M. A., Chircop, C., Kirkman, A., Viliardos, L., & Sharaan, S. (2020) · Journal of Concurrent Disorders · doi:10.54127/swjs6679 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationWriting Matrix and Assessing Literature Review: A Methodological Element of a Scientific Project
Murniarti, E., Nainggolan, B., Panjaitan, H., Pandiangan, L. E. A., Widyani, I. D. A., & Dakhi, S. (2018) · Journal of Asian Development · doi:10.5296/jad.v4i2.13895 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Endnote reference manager tool: A guide for researchers
Kujur, S. (2022) · Journal of Library and Information Communication Technology · doi:10.5958/2456-9399.2022.00012.8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Qualitative Investigation into Pre- and Post-Natal Experience of Parents of Triplets
Kotera, Y., Kaluževičiūtė, G., & Viliardos, L. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02200-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationMediation of Self-Compassion on Pathways from Stress to Psychopathologies among Japanese Workers
Kotera, Y., Young, H., Maybury, S., & Aledeh, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912423 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation[DSM-5 AND AUTISM: DIAGNOSTIC CHANGES AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD].
Faroy, M., Meiri, G., & Arbelle, S. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Jones, S. C., Brownlow, C., & Abel, S. (2024) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2024.0181 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Curley, K., & Kotera, Y. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11081199 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationCurley, K., Hughes, R., & Kotera, Y. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12010107 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMavroeidi, N., Sifnaios, C., Ntinou, A., Iatrou, G., Konstantakopoulou, O., Martínez, M. M., Nucifora, M., Tanrıkulu, İ., & Vadolas, A. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21040474 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Psychological Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ha, C. T. M., Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, V. H. A., & Tran-Thien, G.-P. (2024) · National Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.55489/njcm.150620243909 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heyworth, M., McMahon, C. M., Tan, D. W., & Pellicano, E. (2025) · Autism & Developmental Language Impairments · doi:10.1177/23969415251357222 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moser, C., DaWalt, L. S., Burke, M. M., & Taylor, J. L. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251327347 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Alegría, P. L., Landim, S. F., Branco, B. H. M., Carmine, F., Birditt, K. R., Sandoval, C., & González, M. M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13164675 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Parents’ Experiences after Their Child’s Autism Diagnosis: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Hughes, R., Curley, K., & Kotera, Y. (2024) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint5030026 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationMestermann, S., Kleinöder, J. M., Arndt, M., Krämer, J., Eichler, A., & Kratz, O. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14010013 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alegría, P. L., Landim, S. F., Pérez, V., Escudero, N. M., Botelho, J. N., Branco, B. H. M., Villagrán-Silva, F., Sandoval, C., Marques, D. C. D. S., Parrón-Carreño, T., et al. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12222215 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tönis, K. J. M., Drossaert, C. H. C., ten Klooster, P. M., Schaer, M., Bourgeron, T., Buitelaar, J. K., Sadaka, Y., Freitag, C. M., Lapidus, K. M., Chiocchetti, A. G., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08256-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A wide range of interventions have been developed to improve mental health of parents of children with NDDs, including mindfulness and positive psychology interventions (PPIs) [20, 22, 33, 53].”
BackgroundAtypical Autism: Causes, Diagnosis and Support
Jagadapillai, R. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60071163 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Balachandran, K. P., & Bhuvaneswari, M. (2024) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_2029_23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Khaikin, S., Pfeiffer, B., Pomponio, A. D., Shipper, A. G., Roth, S. C., Nicholson, J., McCormick, B. P., Fiks, A. G., Mandell, D. S., & Zisman‐Ilani, Y. (2026) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01593-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ergün, B. N., & Öncül, N. (2025) · Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17556/erziefd.1673013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chiang, F.-M., Yu, Y., Liu, M.-H., Kuo, C.-C., Hsieh, C., & Chen, K. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102286 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Polish-language groups related to autism on Facebook – language analysis of the groups’ descriptions
Góra, K. (2024) · Prace Językoznawcze · doi:10.31648/pj.10349 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yuwono, A. T., Putri, Y. S. E., & Susanti, H. (2023) · Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari · doi:10.31539/jks.v6i2.5625
أثر تقنية الحرية النفسية في خفض وصمة الذات لدى أمهات الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد.
بشرى, ص. ت., & شاكر, م. ح. (2023) · مجلة دراسات تربوية واجتماعية · doi:10.21608/jsu.2023.346686
Mpofu, P., Mamba, L. G., & Mayisela, S. (2025) · E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences · doi:10.38159/ehass.20256916
Qin, Z., Lan, J., He, H., Yin, J., & Wang, J. (2025) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-025-00552-4
Tönis, K. J. M., Drossaert, C. H. C., ten Klooster, P. M., Schaer, M., Bourgeron, T., Buitelaar, J. K., Sadaka, Y., Freitag, C. M., Lapidus, K. M., Chiocchetti, A. G., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26739486
Kodancha, P., Baboo, S., & Rajeev, A. (2026) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-026-00528-9
Papageorgiou, F., Armakola, F., Tsiakiri, A., Sergentanis, T. Ν., Papadimitropoulou, P., Katsouri, I.-G., & Vlotinou, P. (2026) · Brazilian Journal of Science · doi:10.14295/bjs.v5i8.859
Videla, C. E. C., & Kotera, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Spa and Wellness · doi:10.1080/24721735.2026.2706282
Self-citationGhilav, R., & Shoushtari, M. T. (2026) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-026-07542-7
- Authors
- Curley, K., Colman, R., Rushforth, A., & Kotera, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Derby (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Curley, Kenneth
- Venue
- Youth
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-02-15
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 246-260
- ISSN
- 2673-995X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4320916874
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Youth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- parental stress, autism spectrum disorder, stress reduction intervention, parents of autistic children, cognitive behavioral therapy, humanistic psychotherapy, psychoeducation, integrated intervention, evidence-based practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
