Testing the validity of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD criteria using a sample from Northern Uganda

Murphy, Siobhan; Elklit, Ask; Dokkedahl, Sarah; Shevlin, Mark

doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.32678

Cited by 71Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMigration, Health and TraumaChild Abuse and Trauma

Testing the validity of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD criteria using a sample from Northern Uganda

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Murphy, Siobhan, Elklit, Ask, Dokkedahl, Sarah, Shevlin, Mark·2016·European Journal of Psychotraumatology

DOI 10.3402/ejpt.v7.32678PMC PMC5018065

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is currently under development with proposed changes recommended for the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and the inclusion of a separate complex PTSD (CPTSD) disorder. Empirical studies support the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD; however, less research has focused on non-western populations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether distinct PTSD and CPTSD symptom classes emerged and to identify potential risk factors and the severity of impairment associated with resultant classes. METHODS: A latent class analysis (LCA) and related analyses were conducted on 314 young adults from Northern Uganda. Fifty-one percent were female and participants were aged between 18 and 25 years. Forty percent of the participants were former child soldiers (n=124) while the remaining participants were civilians (n=190). RESULTS: The LCA revealed three classes: a CPTSD class (40.2%), a PTSD class (43.8%), and a low symptom class (16%). Child soldier status was a significant predictor of both CPTSD and PTSD classes (OR=5.96 and 2.82, respectively). Classes differed significantly on measures of anxiety/depression, conduct problems, somatic complaints, and war experiences. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, this study provides preliminary support for the proposed distinction between PTSD and CPTSD in a young adult sample from Northern Uganda. However, future studies are needed using larger samples to test alternative models before firm conclusions can be made.

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DSO symptoms have been empirically identified in children, adolescents, and young adults.
“However, DSO symptoms also have been empirically identified in children [66, 143], and adolescents and young adults [122, 131].”
From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [122]
The Methods > Sample section describes 314 participants aged 18–25, and the Discussion reports a class with high endorsement of DSO symptoms. This supports empirical identification in young adults, but this paper did not study adolescents. The sentence assigns the claim about children to other citations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Evidence of distinct profiles of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in a South African sample
Rink, J., & Lipinska, G. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1818965 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Folke, S., Nielsen, A. B. S., & Karstoft, K. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1930703 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Using Latent Class Analysis to Support the ICD‐11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in a Sample of Homeless Adults
Armstrong, R., Phillips, L., Alkemade, N., & O'Donnell, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22554 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Prevalence and predictors of ICD ‐11 posttraumatic stress disorder and complex PTSD in young people
Redican, E., Hyland, P., Cloître, M., McBride, O., Karatzias, T., Murphy, J., Bunting, L., & Shevlin, M. E. (2022) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13442 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Murphy, S., Elklit, A., Dokkedahl, S., & Shevlin, M.
Affiliations: Department of Psychology, National Centre of Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
University of Ulster (GB)
ORCID: Elklit, Ask
Dokkedahl, Sarah
Shevlin, Mark
Venue: European Journal of Psychotraumatology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2016-09-08
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 32678-32678
ISSN: 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.32678
PMC: PMC5018065
OpenAlex: W2516165419
Cited by: 71
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 14.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (cc-by)
Funders: Syddansk Universitet
Danish International Development Agency
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, child soldiers, war trauma, young adults, Northern Uganda, risk factors, functional disability, non-Western populations

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Testing the validity of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD criteria using a sample from Northern Uganda

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