Cited by 3,001Gut microbiota and healthInfant Nutrition and HealthOral microbiology and periodontitis research

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Role of the normal gut microbiota

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Jandhyala, Sai Manasa·2015·World Journal of Gastroenterology

DOI 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787PMC PMC4528021

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Abstract

Relation between the gut microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human gut microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the gut microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual's life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbe-host interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal gut microbiota. They include (1) the mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean); (2) diet during infancy (breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood (vegan based or meat based); and (3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy gut microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool.

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Authors: Jandhyala, S. M.
Venue: World Journal of Gastroenterology
Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Published: 2015
Volume: 21
Issue: 29
Pages: 8787
ISSN: 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787
PMC: PMC4528021
OpenAlex: W1420654867
Cited by: 3,001
References: 163
Citations by year: 2026: 170 · 2025: 382 · 2024: 491 · 2023: 439 · 2022: 391 · 2021: 366 · 2020: 266 · 2019: 205 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 9.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords: gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, infant gut colonization, nutrient metabolism, gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, pathogen protection, mode of delivery, breast milk, infant formula, diet, antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance genes, horizontal gene transfer, multidrug resistance
MeSH terms: Bacillota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Age Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteriological Techniques, Diet, Health Status, Homeostasis, Humans, Intestines, Computational Biology, Probiotics, Bacteroidetes, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Prebiotics, Synbiotics

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