World-Wide Web survey research: Benefits, potential problems, and solutions
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The use of self-reported and retrospective data could have introduced recall bias or social desirability bias, potentially impacting the accuracy of the responses.
“Second, the use of self-reported and retrospective data could have introduced recall bias or social desirability bias, potentially impacting the accuracy of the responses [79].”
From Knowledge and use, Perceptions of Benefits and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots among Italian Physiotherapy students: a cross-sectional National Study (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
The Unacceptable Responses section says respondents may provide incorrect information through entry error or intent, supporting a general concern about response accuracy. It does not identify retrospective self-report, recall bias, or social desirability bias as causes; the indexed passages provide no page number. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe survey design, composed of various question types (e.g., single- and multiple-choice), allowed for a more comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon.
“Furthermore, the survey design, composed of various question types (e.g., single- and multiple-choice), allowed for a more comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon [79].”
From Knowledge and use, Perceptions of Benefits and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots among Italian Physiotherapy students: a cross-sectional National Study (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
The paper discusses different Web-form response controls, including radio buttons and checkboxes (Not All Browsers Are Created Equally, page not provided), and describes presenting specialized sets of questions (Dynamic/Interactive Surveys Increase Respondent Motivation, p. 275). It does not say that combining single- and multiple-choice questions enabled a more comprehensive exploration of a multifaceted phenomenon. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDespite explicit instructions to provide truthful responses, some participants may have inaccurately reported their use of AI Chatbots, either intentionally or due to misunderstanding certain survey questions.
“Lastly, despite explicit instructions to provide truthful responses, some participants may have inaccurately reported their use of AI Chatbots, either intentionally or due to misunderstanding certain survey questions [79].”
From Knowledge and use, Perceptions of Benefits and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots among Italian Physiotherapy students: a cross-sectional National Study (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
The “Unacceptable Responses” section (page not provided) says survey respondents may supply incorrect information through entry error or intent. It does not address AI-chatbot use, truthful-response instructions, or misunderstanding survey questions specifically. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“Second, the use of self-reported and retrospective data could have introduced recall bias or social desirability bias, potentially impacting the accuracy of the responses [79].”
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- Authors
- Schmidt, W. C.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, William C.
- ORCID
- Schmidt, William C.
- Venue
- Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 274-279
- ISSN
- 0743-3808 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5970
- OpenAlex
- W2015477236
- Cited by
- 620
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 69.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
- Keywords
- online surveys, online survey data collection, survey software, missing data, duplicate submission, survey response quality, data entry errors
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