Toward a taxonomy of attention shifting: Individual differences in fMRI during multiple shift types
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Although task switching is often considered one of the fundamental abilities underlying executive functioning and general intelligence, there is little evidence that switching is a unitary construct and little evidence regarding the relationship between brain activity and switching performance. We examined individual differences in multiple types of attention shifting in order to determine whether behavioral performance and fMRI activity are correlated across different types of shifting. The participants (n = 39) switched between objects and attributes both when stimuli were perceptually available (external) and when stimuli were stored in memory (internal). We found that there were more switch-related activations in many regions associated with executive control--including the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal and parietal cortices--when behavioral switch costs were higher (poor performance). Conversely, activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and the rostral anterior cingulate was consistently correlated with good performance, suggesting a general role for these areas in efficient attention shifting. We discuss these findings in terms of a model of cognitive-emotional interaction in attention shifting, in which reward-related signals in the VMPFC guide efficient selection of tasks in the lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices.
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In typically developing adults, good and poor performance on a cognitive flexibility task were linked to activation of different neural circuits (ventral MPFC and rostral ACC versus DLPFC, MPFC and parietal cortex).
“For example, Wager and colleagues [48] reported that in typically developing adults, good and poor performance on a cognitive flexibility task were associated with activation of different neural circuits (ventral medial prefrontal cortex [MPFC] and rostral anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], and dorsolateral PFC [DLPFC], MPFC and parietal cortex, respectively).”
From The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism (2009) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- WAGER, T. D., JONIDES, J., SMITH, E. E., & NICHOLS, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- WAGER, T. D.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-143
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2166896000
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- attentional shift, task switching, individual differences, executive function, switch costs, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, cognitive-emotional interaction, reward signals
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Brain, Brain Mapping, Classification, Cues, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Judgment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Statistics as Topic, Reproducibility of Results
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