Cited by 169Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

The regulation of cognitive control following rostral anterior cingulate cortex lesion in humans

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di Pellegrino, Giuseppe, Ciaramelli, Elisa, Làdavas, Elisabetta·2007·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Abstract

The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), to cognitive control remains controversial. Here, we examined whether the rostral ACC is necessary for reactive adjustments in cognitive control following the occurrence of response conflict [Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108, 624–652, 2001]. To this end, we assessed 8 patients with focal lesions involving the rostral sector of the ACC (rACC patients), 6 patients with lesions outside the frontal cortex (non-FC patients), and 11 healthy subjects on a variant of the Simon task in which levels of conflict were manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis. More specifically, we compared Simon effects (i.e., the difference in performance between congruent and incongruent trials) on trials that were preceded by high-conflict (i.e., incongruent) trials with those on trials that were preceded by low-conflict (i.e., congruent) trials. Normal controls and non-FC patients showed a reduction of the Simon effect when the preceding trial was incongruent, suggestive of an increase in cognitive control in response to the occurrence of response conflict. In contrast, rACC patients attained comparable Simon effects following congruent and incongruent events, indicating a failure to modulate their performance depending on the conflict level generated by the preceding trial. Furthermore, damage to the rostral ACC impaired the posterror slowing, a further behavioral phenomenon indicating reactive adjustments in cognitive control. These results provide insights into the functional organization of the medial prefrontal cortex in humans and its role in the dynamic regulation of cognitive control.

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  1. Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Psychology Press.
  2. Posner, M. I., & Di Girolamo, G. J. (1998). Executive attention: Conflict, target detection, and cognitive control. In R. Parasuraman (Ed.), The attentive brain (pp. 401-423). Cambridge: MIT Press.

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Authors
di Pellegrino, G., Ciaramelli, E., & Làdavas, E.
Affiliations
  • 1Università di Bologna, Italy
  • University of Bologna (IT)
Venue
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Published
2007-02-01
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
275-286
ISSN
  • 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-8898
OpenAlex
W2063613846
Cited by
169
References
99
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 18
FWCI
5.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Keywords
cognitive control, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, response conflict, conflict monitoring, Simon task, medial prefrontal cortex
MeSH terms
Aged, Analysis of Variance, Brain Injuries, Cognition, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time

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