Isolation rearing effects on probabilistic learning and cognitive flexibility in rats

Amitai, Nurith; Young, Jared W.; Higa, Kerin; Sharp, Richard F.; Geyer, Mark A.; Powell, Susan B.

doi:10.3758/s13415-013-0204-4

Cited by 74Schizophrenia research and treatmentNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Isolation rearing effects on probabilistic learning and cognitive flexibility in rats

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Amitai, Nurith, Young, Jared W., Higa, Kerin, Sharp, Richard F., Geyer, Mark A., Powell, Susan B.·2014·Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

DOI 10.3758/s13415-013-0204-4PMC PMC3923850

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Abstract

Isolation rearing is a neurodevelopmental manipulation that produces neurochemical, structural, and behavioral alterations in rodents that in many ways are consistent with schizophrenia. Symptoms induced by isolation rearing that mirror clinically relevant aspects of schizophrenia, such as cognitive deficits, open up the possibility of testing putative therapeutics in isolation-reared animals prior to clinical development. We investigated what effect isolation rearing would have on cognitive flexibility, a cognitive function characteristically disrupted in schizophrenia. For this purpose, we assessed cognitive flexibility using between- and within-session probabilistic reversal-learning tasks based on clinical tests. Isolation-reared rats required more sessions, though not more task trials, to acquire criterion performance in the reversal phase of the task, and were slower to adjust their task strategy after reward contingencies were switched. Isolation-reared rats also completed fewer trials and exhibited lower levels of overall activity in the probabilistic reversal-learning task than did the socially reared rats. This finding contrasted with the elevated levels of unconditioned investigatory activity and reduced levels of locomotor habituation that isolation-reared rats displayed in the behavioral pattern monitor. Finally, isolation-reared rats also exhibited sensorimotor gating deficits, reflected by decreased prepulse inhibition of the startle response, consistent with previous studies. We concluded that isolation rearing constitutes a valuable, noninvasive manipulation for modeling schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits and assessing putative therapeutics.

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Isolation during adolescence results in cognitive flexibility deficits impairing reward learning, reversal learning, and attention shifting.
“Particularly, isolation during adolescence results in cognitive flexibility deficits that impair reward learning,47 reversal learning,48 and attention shifting.49”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [48]
Post-weaning social isolation leads to deficits in reversal learning and attentional set shifting.
“This paradigm also results in deficits in reversal learning (Amitai et al., 2014; Li et al., 2007), as well as in learning new strategies based on a previously unrelated cue (attentional set shifting) (Schrijver and Würbel, 2001).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Amitai et al., 2014

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Authors: Amitai, N., Young, J. W., Higa, K., Sharp, R. F., Geyer, M. A., & Powell, S. B.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Young, Jared W.
ORCID: Young, Jared W.
Higa, Kerin
Geyer, Mark A.
Powell, Susan B.
Venue: Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-08-13
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 388-406
ISSN: 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
1531-135X
DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0204-4
PMC: PMC3923850
OpenAlex: W2010883591
Cited by: 74
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 4.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042228, R01MH091407, R21MH091571)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS061847)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: isolation rearing, schizophrenia, cognitive flexibility, probabilistic reversal learning, social rearing, sensorimotor gating, prepulse inhibition, animal models of schizophrenia, cognitive impairment
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Cognition, Conditioning, Operant, Exploratory Behavior, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Male, Motor Activity, Probability Learning, Psychological Tests, Reversal Learning, Reward, Social Isolation, Task Performance and Analysis, Rats, Long-Evans, Feedback, Psychological, Rats, Sensory Gating, Executive Function

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Isolation rearing effects on probabilistic learning and cognitive flexibility in rats

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