Behavioural and neurochemical effects of post-weaning social isolation in rodents—Relevance to developmental neuropsychiatric disorders
Abstract
Exposing mammals to early-life adverse events, including maternal separation or social isolation, profoundly affects brain development and adult behaviour and may contribute to the occurrence of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia in genetically predisposed humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying these environmentally induced developmental adaptations are unclear and best evaluated in animal paradigms with translational salience. Rearing rat pups from weaning in isolation, to prevent social contact with conspecifics, produces reproducible, long-term changes including; neophobia, impaired sensorimotor gating, aggression, cognitive rigidity, reduced prefrontal cortical volume and decreased cortical and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. These alterations are associated with hyperfunction of mesolimbic dopaminergic systems, enhanced presynaptic dopamine (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) function in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), hypofunction of mesocortical DA and attenuated 5-HT function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These behavioural, morphological and neurochemical abnormalities, as reviewed herein, strongly resemble core features of schizophrenia. Therefore unravelling the mechanisms that trigger these sequelae will improve our knowledge of the aetiology of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, enable identification of longitudinal biomarkers of dysfunction and permit predictive screening for novel compounds with potential antipsychotic efficacy.
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Chronic social isolation in rodents has served as a developmental model of early life stress because its long-term changes resemble human neuropsychiatric disease.
“Chronic social isolation, particularly in rodents, has been used as a developmental model of early life stress since many of the long-term maladaptive changes resemble features of human neuropsychiatric disease33.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Fone, K. C. F., & Porkess, M. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fone, Kevin C.F.
- ORCID
- Fone, Kevin C.F.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1087-1102
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019243277
- Cited by
- 864
- References
- 208
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- post-weaning social isolation, maternal separation, childhood adversity, schizophrenia, depression, neophobia, sensorimotor gating, aggression, synaptic plasticity, mesolimbic dopamine system, mesocortical dopamine, nucleus accumbens, serotonin, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, brain development, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Brain Chemistry, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Rodentia, Social Isolation
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